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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which was the first war to be covered by television cameras?
(a) The Korean War.
(b) The War on Terror.
(c) Desert Storm.
(d) The Vietnam War.

2. Which of the following pairs of images appeared side-by-side in a 1937 issue of "Life"?
(a) The bombing of Guernica and Vitalis men's hair cream.
(b) A dying Republican soldier and a mother holding her child while looking at the sky.
(c) A mother holding her child while looking at the sky and Vitalis men's hair cream.
(d) A dying Republican soldier and Vitalis men's hair cream.

3. Sontag compares the desire for images of people in pain to which other recurrent type of image?
(a) Images of nude bodies.
(b) Images of love.
(c) Images of natural disasters.
(d) Images of happiness.

4. Which of the following was NOT true of the "Here Is New York" exhibit?
(a) One image from each contributer was selected.
(b) Images were selected on a first-come, first-serve basis.
(c) The images were displayed uncaptioned.
(d) The identity of the photographer was kept secret until after the image was purchased.

5. The media may inform the public of war crimes and atrocities, but often fails to capture the:
(a) Emotional struggles of the victims.
(b) Essence of the experience.
(c) Tension between combatants.
(d) Complicated circumstances, causes and impact of the event.

6. Paraphrasing Woolf, Sontag states that the privileged class fails to respond to images of war with the appropriate pain. She describes this as a:
(a) Failure to behave humanely.
(b) Failure of wealth.
(c) Failure of ignorance.
(d) Failure of empathy and imagination.

7. Sontag argues that Goya's "The Disasters of War" was a turning point in the depiction of suffering. What does she cite as her reason?
(a) The starkness of Goya's craft.
(b) The subtlety of the portrayal of war.
(c) The captions, challenging the viewer to look.
(d) The detailed descriptions accompanying the work.

8. Sontag argues that we are most disappointed to discover that which type of photographs have been staged?
(a) Images depicting intimate climaxes.
(b) Images depicting gory battle scenes.
(c) Images depicting everyday life.
(d) Images depicting spontaneous events.

9. The conflicts in the Balkans in the 1990s stood out to many onlookers for which of the following reasons?
(a) The media hyped the conflicts by airing footage during each broadcast.
(b) The violence was more extreme than other conflicts of the era.
(c) Most people believe that atrocities like that do not happen in Europe.
(d) Government propaganda incited great public interest.

10. Sontag notes that post-colonial Africa is most commonly known to the American public based on a series of which of the following groups of images?
(a) Photographs of the famine fields of Biafra, the Rwandan genocide, and the AIDS epidemic.
(b) Images of American aid groups, support-a-child network assistants, and refugee camps.
(c) Still images of freedom fighters, revolutionary independence movements, and guerrilla insurgencies.
(d) Images of post-war development and national improvement.

11. According to Sontag, photojournalism was used post-9/11 to:
(a) Inform the public of the event.
(b) Increase sensitivity toward Middle-Eastern Americans.
(c) Increase support for military action.
(d) Promote messages of peace and pacificism.

12. Sontag lists which of the following as images that the artist "takes"?
(a) Etchings.
(b) Paintings.
(c) Photographs.
(d) Drawings.

13. Sontag mentions many factors which influence the way audiences receive war photography. Which of the following was NOT one of those factors?
(a) Culture.
(b) Status.
(c) Gender.
(d) Age.

14. Goya's "Los Desastres de la Guerra" (The Disasters of War) was a series of etchings published in 1863. Which of the following events does this series depict?
(a) The bombing of Guernica.
(b) The Spanish Civil War.
(c) Napoleon's invasion of Spain.
(d) World War I.

15. Sontag argues that creating lasting interest in war image requires which of the following?
(a) A reputation for cutting-edge journalism.
(b) A plethora of shocking images.
(c) A large budget from advertising.
(d) A brave star witness.

Short Answer Questions

1. Sontag observes that "Here Is New York" had no need for captions, but suggests that:

2. In interpreting photographs, Sontag claims that everyone approaches the image as which of the following?

3. Which of the following is true about representations of the dead or dying in American media?

4. The footage from a 1898 charge of Colonel Roosevelt's volunteer cavalry, the Rough Riders, was replaced with film of a staged charge later for which of the following reasons?

5. U.S. bombing of Afghanistan was conducted remotely from which of the following locations?

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