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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sontag calls for the reader's sympathy for the wounded Taliban soldier whose pain graced the cover of "The New York Times" by suggesting which of the following?
(a) The man's suffering should be a private affair.
(b) The man deserved greater respect for serving his government in war.
(c) The man was a human being.
(d) The man's loved ones would discover the images one day.

2. Who took the infamous image of Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan executing a Vietcong suspect in the street?
(a) Timothy O'Sullivan.
(b) Roger Fenton.
(c) Roger Capa.
(d) Eddie Adams.

3. "The Killing Fields" depicts which of the following?
(a) The atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge.
(b) The dead and dying of the Korean War.
(c) The mass deaths during the Spanish Civil War.
(d) The casualties of Bunker Hill.

4. Sontag lists many effects of photographs depicting war victims. Which of the following was not one of the effects she lists?
(a) "They reiterate."
(b) "They simplify."
(c) "They create the illusion of consensus."
(d) "They inspire."

5. Sontag argues that witnessing war atrocities from afar is a unique experience characteristic of:
(a) The early 19th century.
(b) Western countries.
(c) Eastern countries.
(d) The modern world.

6. The conflicts in the Balkans in the 1990s stood out to many onlookers for which of the following reasons?
(a) The media hyped the conflicts by airing footage during each broadcast.
(b) The violence was more extreme than other conflicts of the era.
(c) Most people believe that atrocities like that do not happen in Europe.
(d) Government propaganda incited great public interest.

7. Photography on the war front was first banned in an organized fashion during which of the following wars?
(a) World War II.
(b) The Spanish Civil War.
(c) World War I.
(d) The Boer War.

8. U.S. bombing of Afghanistan was conducted remotely from which of the following locations?
(a) Tampa, Florida
(b) The Pentagon.
(c) Washington, D.C.
(d) Quantico, Virginia.

9. Which was the first war to be "covered" by professional war journalists at the front lines?
(a) World War I.
(b) World War II.
(c) The American Civil War.
(d) The Spanish Civil War.

10. Recalling traditions of the 16th and 17th century, Sontag claims that printing images of dark-skinned people in moments of suffering or pain is part of a long tradition of which of the following?
(a) Displaying the bodies of the colonized or dominated.
(b) Creating interest in the human rights violations committed against the colonized or dominated.
(c) Protesting oppressive treatment of the colonized or dominated.
(d) Drumming up feelings of superiority over the colonized or dominated.

11. Sontag observes that "Here Is New York" had no need for captions, but suggests that:
(a) Many visitors were offended by the images they saw because they did not have a caption to explain them.
(b) The photographers complained that their work did not receive proper explanation.
(c) Many people misunderstood the images.
(d) One day, they will be necessary for those who did not experience the tragedy.

12. Sontag compares the desire for images of people in pain to which other recurrent type of image?
(a) Images of natural disasters.
(b) Images of happiness.
(c) Images of nude bodies.
(d) Images of love.

13. Sontag argues that the photograph, unlike the written word, is:
(a) Politically charged.
(b) Always objective.
(c) Artistically inferior.
(d) Subject to interpretation.

14. A heated debate emerged when a weekly paper in Boston ran a video of which American journalist's execution in Pakistan?
(a) Don McCullin.
(b) Ariel Sharon.
(c) Daniel Pearl.
(d) Eddie Adams.

15. Sontag argues that the most extensive kind of censorship is which of the following?
(a) Government censorship.
(b) The censorship implied by public sensibility.
(c) The self-censorship of broadcast companies.
(d) Military censorship.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Sontag, photojournalism was used post-9/11 to:

2. Sontag argues that technological advances changed the way the public understands war by:

3. The protagonist of J'Accuse, the 1938 anti-war film, cries out which of the following in German and in English?

4. Sontag claims that images of suffering in Africa send a double message. Which of the following best represents that message?

5. How many images did the "Here Is New York" exhibit originally receive?

(see the answer keys)

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