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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sontag calls for the reader's sympathy for the wounded Taliban soldier whose pain graced the cover of "The New York Times" by suggesting which of the following?
(a) The man's suffering should be a private affair.
(b) The man deserved greater respect for serving his government in war.
(c) The man was a human being.
(d) The man's loved ones would discover the images one day.

2. Sontag discusses a famous series of photographs taken by Tyler Hicks, titled "A Nation Challenged." What does this series depict?
(a) Osama Bin Laden.
(b) A wounded Taliban soldier.
(c) Hugo Chavez.
(d) The destruction of the Twin Towers.

3. The Brady group's approach to war photography differed from Fenton's approach in which of the following ways?
(a) The Brady group was commissioned by the government, while Fenton was not.
(b) The Brady group had permission to access the fields, while Fenton did not.
(c) The Brady group photographed the war without government permission, while Fenton had permission for his work.
(d) The Brady group was not commissioned by the government, while Fenton was.

4. Which of the following included close-up images of soldiers wounded by war in his/her 1938 film?
(a) Abel Gance.
(b) Virginia Woolf.
(c) Anonymous.
(d) Ernst Friedrich.

5. Who took the infamous image of Brigadier General Nguyen Ngoc Loan executing a Vietcong suspect in the street?
(a) Eddie Adams.
(b) Roger Fenton.
(c) Timothy O'Sullivan.
(d) Roger Capa.

6. "The Killing Fields" depicts which of the following?
(a) The casualties of Bunker Hill.
(b) The mass deaths during the Spanish Civil War.
(c) The dead and dying of the Korean War.
(d) The atrocities committed by the Khmer Rouge.

7. Sontag references an agreement in which the United States, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Japan came together to renounce war. What is the name of this agreement?
(a) The Treaty of Versailles.
(b) Kellogg-Briad Pact of 1928.
(c) The Treaty of Brandenburg.
(d) The Non-Aggression Pact of 1937.

8. The protagonist of J'Accuse, the 1938 anti-war film, cries out which of the following in German and in English?
(a) "The horror!"
(b) "War is ugly!"
(c) "Your sacrifices were in vain!"
(d) "The face of war!"

9. Sontag argues that Woolf's view, like many other "antiwar polemicists" is:
(a) Idealistic.
(b) Out-dated.
(c) Generic.
(d) Narrow-minded.

10. Which of the following images was often thought to represent a mother, looking tellingly into the sky during an air raid of the Spanish Civil War?
(a) "Land Distribution Meeting, Extremadura, Spain, 1936"
(b) "War Against War!"
(c) "Mother and Child, Barcelona, Spain, 1936"
(d) "Guernica."

11. According to Sontag, "to photograph is to frame, and to frame is to _______".
(a) Alter.
(b) Exclude.
(c) Include.
(d) Highlight.

12. Noting the long history of the "iconography of suffering," Sontag lists three types of art which depict incredible agony. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
(a) The statue of Laocoon and his sons.
(b) The Pieta.
(c) Images and scultpures of the Passion of Christ.
(d) Images of the martyrdom of the Christian saints.

13. Which of the following was NOT true of the "Here Is New York" exhibit?
(a) The identity of the photographer was kept secret until after the image was purchased.
(b) Images were selected on a first-come, first-serve basis.
(c) One image from each contributer was selected.
(d) The images were displayed uncaptioned.

14. At the end of World War II, a group of journalists formed Magnum Photo Agency. Which of the following photographers was not among them?
(a) Ernst Friedrich.
(b) Robert Capa.
(c) Henri Cartier-Bresson.
(d) David Seymour.

15. Sontag argues that witnessing war atrocities from afar is a unique experience characteristic of:
(a) The early 19th century.
(b) Western countries.
(c) Eastern countries.
(d) The modern world.

Short Answer Questions

1. According to Sontag, photojournalism was used post-9/11 to:

2. Sontag describes the way people experienced televised images of war in their own homes as which of the following?

3. Sontag compares the desire for images of people in pain to which other recurrent type of image?

4. Sontag observes that "Here Is New York" had no need for captions, but suggests that:

5. Which of the following pairs of images appeared side-by-side in a 1937 issue of "Life"?

(see the answer keys)

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