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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which was the first war to be covered by television cameras?
(a) The Vietnam War.
(b) The Korean War.
(c) Desert Storm.
(d) The War on Terror.

2. Photography on the war front was first banned in an organized fashion during which of the following wars?
(a) The Boer War.
(b) The Spanish Civil War.
(c) World War I.
(d) World War II.

3. Sontag argues that technological advances changed the way the public understands war by:
(a) Allowing journalists to represent the war in detail as it happens.
(b) Producing mass casualties and horrific destruction.
(c) Shielding the public from scenes of the wounded and dying.
(d) Improving the power and accuracy of weapons.

4. Sontag lists which of the following as images that the artist "makes"?
(a) Etchings and drawings.
(b) Paintings and photographs.
(c) Drawings and paintings.
(d) Photographs and etchings.

5. Sontag suggests that the camera always "kept company with _________".
(a) Life.
(b) Art.
(c) Death.
(d) War.

6. Sontag argues that Woolf's view, like many other "antiwar polemicists" is:
(a) Out-dated.
(b) Idealistic.
(c) Narrow-minded.
(d) Generic.

7. Sontag, confirming Walter Lippmann's assertion, argues that photography replaced which of the following media for representing the truth?
(a) Religious texts such as the Bible.
(b) Artistic representations such as paintings or drawings.
(c) Eye-witness testimonies.
(d) Scientific studies.

8. Sontag argues that we are most disappointed to discover that which type of photographs have been staged?
(a) Images depicting intimate climaxes.
(b) Images depicting everyday life.
(c) Images depicting spontaneous events.
(d) Images depicting gory battle scenes.

9. Recalling traditions of the 16th and 17th century, Sontag claims that printing images of dark-skinned people in moments of suffering or pain is part of a long tradition of which of the following?
(a) Drumming up feelings of superiority over the colonized or dominated.
(b) Creating interest in the human rights violations committed against the colonized or dominated.
(c) Protesting oppressive treatment of the colonized or dominated.
(d) Displaying the bodies of the colonized or dominated.

10. Sontag lists many effects of photographs depicting war victims. Which of the following was not one of the effects she lists?
(a) "They create the illusion of consensus."
(b) "They inspire."
(c) "They reiterate."
(d) "They simplify."

11. Sontag mentions many factors which influence the way audiences receive war photography. Which of the following was NOT one of those factors?
(a) Culture.
(b) Age.
(c) Gender.
(d) Status.

12. Krieg dem Kriege contains images captioned in which four languages?
(a) German, French, English and Japanese.
(b) German, French, English and Spanish.
(c) German, French, English and Russian.
(d) German, French, Dutch and English.

13. Sontag claims that images of suffering in Africa send a double message. Which of the following best represents that message?
(a) Suffering like this only happens in backward places like Africa; thus, America and other developed nations are clearly superior.
(b) The suffering depicted in the photographs was inhumane and should be prevented; however, it is to be expected of a place like Africa.
(c) Places like Africa always face horrors like this; therefore, intervention is a waste of resources.
(d) Violence is abhorrent in any case; therefore, we must interfene to stop such atrocities.

14. Which of the following is true about representations of the dead or dying in American media?
(a) The faces of the dead and dying from "exotic" places are more likely to be shown.
(b) FCC laws prohibit the printing of images including the faces of war victims.
(c) American news media applies the same standards of decency to all victims, regardless of country of origin.
(d) American journalism favors American subjects, often overlooking people in "remote" places.

15. Sontag discusses the use of images of the dead to bolster hatred of the enemy. Which of the following recent events, aired on the Al Jazeera network, does she use as an example?
(a) The hanging of Sadam Hussein.
(b) The destruction of the Word Trade Center in 2001.
(c) The invasion of Iraq in 2003.
(d) The destruction of the Jenin refugee camp in 2002.

Short Answer Questions

1. In discussing the difference gender makes in perceptions of war, Sontag agrees with which of the following authors?

2. Sontag references an agreement in which the United States, France, Great Britain, Germany, Italy and Japan came together to renounce war. What is the name of this agreement?

3. Sontag suggests that a catastrophic event that is experienced in real life. . .

4. Sontag lists which of the following as images that the artist "takes"?

5. Sontag notes that post-colonial Africa is most commonly known to the American public based on a series of which of the following groups of images?

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