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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who was the only individual who stood by Peter against William I?

2. What title of Chapter 39 reflected the celebration of deliverance and foreign capitals that offered dynastic marriages and treaties?

3. Chapter 37 described a clash that was most effective because of Rehnskjold's failure to share what with fellow generals?

4. In Chapter 29, where were open rebellions by Streltsy repressed?

5. General Lewenhaupt was sent for a massive quantity of supplies, but his effort bogged down and cost the campaign of Charles XII how much time?

Short Essay Questions

1. Given England's 100-ship Royal Navy, why did the Baltic powers have relatively smaller fleets?

2. Why did Peter decide to focus his attention on the conquest of the upper Baltic?

3. Why did the Turkish Sultan want to send Charles XII home?

4. Why did Charles XII turn south in mid-September and send General Anders Lagercrona's vanguard ahead?

5. Peter gave orders as early as January, 1707, that directed what to be done to Poland?

6. Why did the author use the phrase "a place of carnage" to describe the battlefield at Poltava?

7. Why did Peter never have to simultaneously fight two enemies?

8. According to Chapter 36, how confident did Charles XII feel in early April ?

9. What did Charles XII and his advance regiments find upon arrival at Baturin on November 11?

10. St. Petersburg came about in what fashion?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What often mortifying physical disorder began to afflict Peter in the prime of his early manhood?

Essay Topic 2

What significance did Andrew Vinius, Patrick Gordon, Francis Lefort, and the Jolly Company have in Peter's life?

Essay Topic 3

Since Peter knew Charles XII fully intended to lead his army across Poland to invade Russia, what measures of defense did he undertake?

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