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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When Peter ordered the fortress at Grodno abandoned, Charles XII was freed to invade what region?

2. Largely due to Peter Tolstoy's diplomacy, which group remained out of the Northern War?

3. What happened to Swedish prisoners of war?

4. When Peter found evidence of Alexis' whereabouts, where did Charles VI move Alexis?

5. Which Councillor of State controlled French foreign policy because of the age of Louis XV?

Short Essay Questions

1. What sort of life did Catherine originate from?

2. What did Alexis do on the evening of November 10, 1716?

3. Why did the author use the phrase "a place of carnage" to describe the battlefield at Poltava?

4. What took place in the Great Audience Hall in Moscow on February 3, 1718?

5. Why was it Russia appeared to have significantly deteriorated in comparison to Sweden in the spring of 1720?

6. What sort of effect did the arrival of Charles XII in Germany have?

7. Why did Charles XII turn south in mid-September and send General Anders Lagercrona's vanguard ahead?

8. Peter quickly suffered dismay upon his return to St. Petersburg on October 11, 1717, for what reason?

9. Why did Peter seek to control Dorpat and Narva in 1704?

10. Why did Peter decide to focus his attention on the conquest of the upper Baltic?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Why was Charles XII no longer welcome in the Sublime Court toward the end of 1713? What plot developed out of the decision to send Charles back home, via one means or another? What was the outcome of this scheme?

Essay Topic 2

Since Peter knew Charles XII fully intended to lead his army across Poland to invade Russia, what measures of defense did he undertake?

Essay Topic 3

How did the description of Peter's later years at court while in St. Petersburg given by Ambassador Frederich Christian Weber of Hanover compare with that of court life twenty years prior in Moscow presented by Johann-Georg Korb, secretary to a visiting Austrian ambassador?

(see the answer keys)

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