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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What act does Mami claim will cause Ninurta to be worshiped throughout the land?

2. Who is both wife and sister to Haharnum?

3. When the eagle takes Etana to the skies, why does the king ask to be returned to earth?

4. Who does Hayyashum marry?

5. What does the different reigns of each part of Earth represent?

Short Essay Questions

1. What role does The Flocks God play in the creation of the world in the Theology of Dunnu?

2. What happens when Erra takes over Marduk's palace?

3. Why does Erra wage a battle against the world?

4. What is the fate of the Sea and the Cattle God?

5. Why is the eagle left to die in the pit in Etana's story?

6. How does Ninurta ultimately defeat Anzu?

7. In the story of Etana, what is the arrangement made before Shamash between the eagle and the snake?

8. What does Mother Hubur create for Tiamat and why?

9. How does Hayyashum contribute to the making of the world in the Theology of Dunnu?

10. How does the eagle help Etana on his quest to help his wife conceive?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the differences in the separate versions of Nergal and Ereshkigal's myth. How does Nergal and Ereshkigal's character development change? What is significant about the Old Babylonian version being progressively more violent and less sympathetic towards Ereshkigal? How does Ea's involvement change in each story? Develop a clear thesis on this topic and cite specific examples from the text to support your answers.

Essay Topic 2

What is the significance of the Tablet of Destinies? What powers does it hold? Why do the gods hold it in such esteem? How did it come to be and how does that relate to Ninurta's recovery of the Tablet? How does Anzu having possession of the Tablet reveal the heroism of some of the gods? How does the Tablet of Destinies relate to Mesopotamian religious beliefs?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the role of respect in the stories of Mesopotamia in the following format:

Part 1) Nergal, Namtar, and Ereshkigal.

Part 2) Apsu and the younger gods.

Part 3) Marduk.

Part 4) Erra and Ishum.

Part 5) Adapa and the South Wind.

Using these stories, create a thesis to describe the importance of respect in Mesopotamian culture and why the stories make that clear.

(see the answer keys)

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