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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In the Babylonian version of Gilgamesh's story, what incites the battle between Gilgamesh and Enkidu?
(a) Gilgamesh attempts to kill Shamkat.
(b) Gilgamesh tries to seduce Shamkat.
(c) Enkidu did not bow to Gilgamesh.
(d) Enkidu kills Gilgamesh's mistress.

2. For what errand does Ea create the man called Good-Looks?
(a) Good-Looks is to fetch waters of life from Ereshkigal.
(b) Good-Looks is to reprimand Ereshkigal and Ishtar for their feud.
(c) Good-Looks is to distract Ereshkigal so that Ishtar may escape.
(d) Good-Looks is to torment Ishtar.

3. On what condition does Ereshkigal allow Ishtar entrance to Kurnugi?
(a) She must follow the ancient rites.
(b) She must apologize for her transgressions against Ereshkigal.
(c) She must be polite.
(d) She must marry the first man she sees after exiting the Underworld.

4. How must Nergal atone for his offense towards Namtar?
(a) Chop down trees and make a chair.
(b) Sacrifice several animals to Namtar.
(c) Walk to the underworld over gravel and allow his blood to cleanse his offense.
(d) Pray for forgiveness.

5. Of what is Ishtar the goddess?
(a) Underworld.
(b) Sexuality.
(c) Water.
(d) Hunting.

Short Answer Questions

1. About what does Ea question Nergal upon the arrival of Namtar?

2. What biblical character is similar to Atrahasis?

3. How long do Nergal and Ereshkigal make love?

4. In the story of Ishtar, what version does the author use?

5. In the Armana version, what does Nergal do to Namtar when he reaches the final door to the Underworld?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Atrahasis initially save the world from ruin before the flood?

2. Why are several of the myths in this book fragmented or missing whole sections?

3. According to the story of Atrahasis, how and why was man created?

4. Why does all sexual activity on Earth stop while Ishtar is in Kurnugi?

5. What is Nergal's offense against Namtar and his penance?

6. What reasons are given for the Mesopotamian myths becoming the basis of stories for several other cultures?

7. For what reasons does Enkidu die?

8. In the Mesopotamian myths discussed in this book, what early beliefs are depicted?

9. What reasons does Ereshkigal give for her anguish over losing Nergal?

10. Describe Ishtar's journey to see her sister, Ereshkigal, in the Underworld.

(see the answer keys)

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