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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Looking back at the experience of living in a concentration camp, what does Frankl say is the most wonderful feeling?
(a) That so many survived.
(b) That there is nothing left to fear -- except God.
(c) That there is no returning to camp.
(d) That the SS has been punished.

2. Who does Frankl quote (more than once) as writing: "He who has a why to live for can bear with almost any how."
(a) Christ.
(b) Confucius.
(c) Nietzche.
(d) Plato.

3. What choice does the author claim that people can control in difficult circumstances?
(a) "Man can preserve a vestige of spiritual freedom, or independence of mind..."
(b) "People, even in these horrible circumstances, can control the way that they treat others."
(c) "We can all always choose our breathing patterns, which influence our mood, and that influences our actions."
(d) "In any circumstance... man can choose his own reaction, we can all choose to focus on love."

4. How does Frankl's understanding of individual meaning differ from that of Jean-Paul Sartre?
(a) Sartre believes that meaning is collective. Frankl believes it is individual.
(b) Sartre believes there is no meaning. Frankl believes it is crucial to life.
(c) Frankl took the idea from Sartre, and his definition is the same.
(d) For Sartre, it is invented. For Frankl it is found.

5. How did fellow prisoners respond when someone stole potatoes?
(a) Rather than turn him in, they chose to be punished.
(b) When they realized this could be done, they began to organize to steal collectively.
(c) Nobody could figure out who he was.
(d) They turned him in to the SS for extra soup.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happened when prisoners, who were pressured for years, suddenly released that pressure?

2. In the most difficult moments of our existence, what does Frankl suggest is the salvation of man?

3. Can logotherapy be used with neurotic individuals?

4. What happened, according to the author, to the instinct to violence in the prisoners?

5. What does Frankl write is the aim of traditional Freudian psychotherapy?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Frankl compare his logotherapy to Freud's psychoanalysis?

2. What does Frankl write happened to prisoners who lost hope in the future?

3. What is the importance of suffering for Frankl?

4. What does Frankl argue should supplement the Statue of Liberty and why?

5. What is the meaning of love in logotherapy?

6. What does Frankl observe about sexuality in the concentration camp?

7. What were some of the negative things that former prisoners had to deal with after their release?

8. What happened when a patient who had been through psychoanalysis went to logotherapy? What difference between these approaches does Frankl illustrate with this account?

9. According to Frankl, what allowed the prisoners to be able to predict their deaths?

10. What opportunity does Frankl see in camp life?

(see the answer keys)

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