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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Valentinus speaks of a story in which the Feminine Principal, as Wisdom, tries to ____________ by itself, though this does not work.
(a) Conceive.
(b) Marry.
(c) Swim.
(d) Fly.

2. In the Gospel of Thomas, Peter tells Mary to leave them because _________ are not worthy of life, but Jesus responds.
(a) The Apostles.
(b) Women.
(c) Men.
(d) They.

3. John, emotionally distraught over the crucifixion, announces the Trinity as the Father, Mother and __________.
(a) Womb.
(b) Son.
(c) Truth.
(d) Spirit.

4. The orthodox church became increasingly suspicious of anyone who claimed the secret ___________.
(a) Pope.
(b) Scripts.
(c) Stories.
(d) Gnosis.

5. The redefinition of who sees Jesus first is a tradition which first indicated that the direction of the _________ more than the importance of the doctrine.
(a) Followers.
(b) Church.
(c) Pope.
(d) Guru.

Short Answer Questions

1. Valentinus described the Mother as the Grace, the Silence, the _________ and the Mother of All.

2. __________ was far more recognized and abundant than previously thought, especially in the years following Jesus' death.

3. The Catholic Church bases its authority on the shoes of the ___________, according to the text in this chapter.

4. Some Gnostic authors see Sophia as the ___________ benevolently having provided the gift of self-awareness to Adam and to Eve.

5. A tradition developed that included the idea that __________ was the first to have seen Jesus after he rose from the dead.

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was the conversion of a Christian women mentioned in a letter that Justin sent to Emperor Antonius Pius?

2. What has created a lot of controversy when it comes to discussions between scholars of biblical texts?

3. What was the primary goal of the Valentianians in the way they lived and followed their beliefs?

4. What did the Valentinians come to believe about the idea of God? What was He supposed to be?

5. What are some of the images of Christ that John and James witness in the Acts of John, discovered before Nag Hammadi?

6. When Paul is writing in his letters, he refers to something that is 'whether it is in the body or out of the body I do not know.' What is he referring to?

7. To whom did one's real allegiance belong, according to the ideas of Valentine?

8. What did the Roman Empire seem to think of the new following of Jesus and the development of Christianity?

9. What is the Christian creed some believe was created in order to exclude Marcion?

10. In the Testimony of Truth, what does the Gnostic author offer as components of a holy life?

(see the answer keys)

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