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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. A letter to the Bishop of Rome stated the difference between ________ and priesthood, defining the reality of the Roman church.
(a) Laity.
(b) Monotheism.
(c) Gnosticism.
(d) Satan worship.

2. Valentine did distinguish between the creator, architect of the World, also known as the ______________, and the actual foundational spirit of the universe.
(a) Demiurge.
(b) Triton.
(c) Ruler.
(d) Durmage.

3. Pagels points out that the ___________ may be the key building block of orthodox Christianity.
(a) Temptation of Christ.
(b) Creation myth.
(c) Resurrection.
(d) Fall of Eden.

4. Tertullian claimed that Valentinus' theology was driven by __________, according to the research that Pagels did.
(a) Commitment.
(b) Jealousy.
(c) Faith.
(d) Understanding.

5. Clement of Alexandria talks of a __________ gnosis which was promoted by the Valentianians.
(a) Polytheistic.
(b) Dualistic.
(c) Trinity.
(d) Monadic.

Short Answer Questions

1. The language in many texts respects the idea of the female, though not in pagan terms, rather in presenting God as a Mother/Father ______.

2. To Iranaeus, the monotheism of the Valentianians was a kind of ________, a hoax that would allow them to participate in the orthodox church.

3. Some say that the Christian creed was written to specifically exclude ___________ and his followers who were not following the creed.

4. A tradition developed that included the idea that __________ was the first to have seen Jesus after he rose from the dead.

5. The Gnostic teachers tell the story of the ___________ differently from their orthodox brethren, according to Pagels.

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the Roman Empire seem to think of the new following of Jesus and the development of Christianity?

2. Why was the conversion of a Christian women mentioned in a letter that Justin sent to Emperor Antonius Pius?

3. What is the Christian creed some believe was created in order to exclude Marcion?

4. What made the idea of there only being a strict and narrow path to God so attractive to the orthodox?

5. What did Mohammed 'Ali do when he realized there wasn't any treasure in the jar that he had found?

6. What does Jesus tell Thomas when Thomas requests that Jesus give him directions on how to get to the next level?

7. When Paul is writing in his letters, he refers to something that is 'whether it is in the body or out of the body I do not know.' What is he referring to?

8. What does Valentinus present as a further breakdown of the parts of the Dyad?

9. What were Muhammed 'Ali al Summan and his brothers digging for when they made the important discovery?

10. In the Testimony of Truth, what does the Gnostic author offer as components of a holy life?

(see the answer keys)

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