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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Overall, the courts deal with ____________ while the legislature deals with abstraction in large numbers.
(a) Retarded people.
(b) Lifetime criminals.
(c) Individuals.
(d) Indigents.

2. What did retired Justice Frankfurter say about Gideon vs. Wainwright?
(a) He would have voted in favor of it.
(b) He declined to comment.
(c) He thought it was a step back for America.
(d) He would not have voted for it.

3. George Mantz of ____________ admits that his state's courts could soon follow the trend to appoint attorneys in all cases.
(a) Georgia.
(b) Arkansas.
(c) Alabama.
(d) Louisiana.

4. Who replaces Justice Frankfurter when he retires?
(a) Justice Arthur Goldman.
(b) Justice Arthur Goldberg.
(c) Justice Avery Gillette.
(d) Justice Alan Ginsburg.

5. Who is the Attorney General in 1963?
(a) Robert F. Kennedy.
(b) Lyndon Johnson.
(c) Daniel Ellsberg.
(d) Robert McNamara.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Abe Fortas think would be the best way for the Justices to understand Gideon's case?

2. Who is the young lawyer assigned to defend the state's position in Gideon's case?

3. Gideon is perceived to be intelligent but ______________.

4. Which of the following is NOT a Justice seated during Gideon's Supreme Court case?

5. Who had complete control over deciding who would represent Gideon?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Justice Black's statement about Betts when he offers the Supreme Court opinion?

2. What does John Hart Ely discover about Florida cases while doing research for Gideon's Supreme Court case?

3. What is the author's reply to those who may question whether a case like Gideon's should be managed through legislation or allowed to proceed to the Supreme Court?

4. What is the premise of the brief written by George D. Mentz of the Alabama Attorney General's office which supports Jacob's case?

5. What is the premise of the Betts vs. Brady case in 1942?

6. What is Jacob's opinion on the retroactive element of any law which may evolve from Gideon's Supreme Court case?

7. What is Justice Harlan's simple statement that overturns Betts vs. Brady?

8. Why is Gideon's Supreme Court case called Gideon vs. Wainwright?

9. Who is Bruce Robert Jacob and what is his role in Gideon's Supreme Court trial?

10. What does Fortas believe would be the surest way to get assenting opinions from the Justices in Gideon's case?

(see the answer keys)

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