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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Who replaces Justice Frankfurter when he retires?
(a) Justice Avery Gillette.
(b) Justice Arthur Goldman.
(c) Justice Alan Ginsburg.
(d) Justice Arthur Goldberg.

2. How many people other than Jacob are on Jacob's law team in the Gideon case?
(a) 5.
(b) 3.
(c) 2.
(d) None.

3. Which law school does John Hart Ely attend?
(a) Yale.
(b) Stanford.
(c) Princeton.
(d) Harvard.

4. Why was the Betts case able to prevail in 1942?
(a) People were more concerned about going to war.
(b) The Civil Rights Law was not voted in.
(c) There was no Supreme Court then.
(d) America wasn't ready for the tenets of Gideon vs. Wainwright at that time.

5. How many other states sign Berlin's legal brief?
(a) 17.
(b) 12.
(c) 22.
(d) 38.

Short Answer Questions

1. Most prisoners currently jailed without the benefit of an attorney do not have which of the following characteristics that Gideon possesses?

2. Who had complete control over deciding who would represent Gideon?

3. What amazes Jacob about appearing in the Supreme Court?

4. Why does the right to an attorney issue become even greater on the state level?

5. Who is the young lawyer assigned to defend the state's position in Gideon's case?

Short Essay Questions

1. What could be the reason that the Supreme Court Justices selected Fortas to represent Gideon?

2. How could Gideon vs. Wainwright overthrow the Betts vs. Brady decision that was enacted just 20 years prior?

3. How do Fortas and Jacob differ in their perceptions of Supreme Court procedure?

4. Who is Bruce Robert Jacob and what is his role in Gideon's Supreme Court trial?

5. What is State Judge Walter V. Schaefer's reasoning on why the right to an attorney is greater than all other rights?

6. What change on the Supreme Court bench seems fortunate for Gideon's case?

7. What are a couple reasons that the Supreme Court works so well in terms of independent thinking?

8. What is Justice Black's statement about Betts when he offers the Supreme Court opinion?

9. What is the premise of the brief written by George D. Mentz of the Alabama Attorney General's office which supports Jacob's case?

10. What does John Hart Ely discover about Florida cases while doing research for Gideon's Supreme Court case?

(see the answer keys)

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