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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is panoplia?

2. What is othismos?

3. What is oktonyktia?

4. In the first chapter, about how many Persians are said to have been slain in just three days of battle with the Spartans?

5. What do the people of Sparta sing as the soldiers march off to war?

Short Essay Questions

1. Describe the relationship between Alexandros and Xeones.

2. How are Xeones and Alexandros assigned after the battle at Antirhion?

3. How do the Spartans count their dead?

4. Describe the training exercise at the Oaks.

5. Why does Xerxes want to hear about the Spartans?

6. Who catches Alexandros not using his shield properly? What happens?

7. Why does Xerxes become impatient with Xeones?

8. Who is Bruxieus?

9. When the Spartans realize that the boys followed them, what is the punishment that Xeones must endure?

10. What is the concern of the lady Paraleio, Alexandros' mother?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In ancient Greece, just like many other ancient civilizations, crimes were punished much more severely than they are now. Many crimes involving stealing would result in losing a hand, or having the hands crippled. Have students write an essay answering the following questions:

1. What are these kinds of punishments no longer in use? What caused them to be discontinued in the Western world?

2. Are these kinds of punishments still in use today? If they are, then where, and why?

3. Do you feel that capital and corporal punishment is appropriate punishment for most crimes? Why or why not?

Essay Topic 2

In Spartan culture, the citizen soldiers of Sparta acted as mentors to the sons of the others. List at least three effects of this practice, and explain them.

Essay Topic 3

During the battle at Thermopylae, several soldiers are caught trying to desert. Answer the following questions:

1. What reasons do the men give for desertion?

2. What reasons does Leonidas give for allowing the men to flee?

3. Why do some of the men beg to be allowed to return to duty after the speech that Leonidas gives?

4. How do the other men feel about those who desert? What do the other men want to do about it?

(see the answer keys)

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