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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What was used to kill Sinfiotli?

2. Who does Thrym want to marry?

3. To what does the first piece of wisdom refer?

4. How many pieces of wisdom does Sigrdrifa impart?

5. What is the name of the tree of life?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where did Oddrun encounter Gunnar? What was he doing at the time?

2. What advice does Sigrdrifa give to Sigurd on being victorious in battle?

3. Why did Harbard refuse to give Thor passage on the ferry?

4. How does Gudrun respond to Atli's invitation to her brothers?

5. What is the result of Rig's teachings to Kin?

6. What challenge does Hymir issue to Thor to prove his superior strength?

7. What is the Edda's view on friendship?

8. How and where is Andvari caught by Loki?

9. What are Gunnar's thoughts regarding the possible loss of Brynhild?

10. What did Brynhild see in her dream?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The stories of the widows at Sigurd's grave show clearly that it was common for people to have a great number of marriages. Having children in each marriage was also common. Discuss the reason for the large number of marriages. How did the marriages typically end? Were the marriages formal or based on an informal commitment? What would be an average number of marriages per person based on the information given?

Essay Topic 2

Treachery was everywhere in the Eddas. People constantly deceived one another for personal gain or revenge. Many acts were considered to be treachery when they were not. List at least five different examples of treachery. Include details surrounding each case. Were any of the cases linked? If so, how?

Essay Topic 3

As the father of all gods, Odin had powers that were not available to lesser gods. What powers did Odin have? What powers did Frigg have as Odin's wife? Did Odin's children have stronger powers than non-related gods? Explain.

(see the answer keys)

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