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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What does Freud say the libidinal elements of a desire turn into when they are repressed?

2. How does Freud say he can tell that the death instinct exists?

3. What does Freud say people give up in exchange for their membership in society?

4. Which does Freud say comes first?

5. What forces does Freud say are balanced in animals, that they are not aware of cultural struggles?

Short Essay Questions

1. How does Freud describe the super-ego?

2. How does Freud characterize the emergence of the death instinct?

3. How does Freud characterize the traditional view of the extremes of pleasure and pain in love?

4. In what three spheres does Freud see the same interplay between Eros and death playing out?

5. What insights does Freud offer into the value of communism?

6. How does Freud characterize the super-ego’s cultural function?

7. What services does Freud say the Jewish people served for the Aryans in Europe?

8. What conclusion does Freud’s discussion of the Golden Rule lead him to make about human nature?

9. In what way does Freud say that primitive man was indeed happier than civilized man?

10. What is the role of misfortune in the formation of the super-ego, according to Freud?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Essay Topic 2

Describe Freud’s treatment of women, and their place in his theories. How would Civilization and its Discontents be different if it were written based on a woman’s perspective?

Essay Topic 3

In Freud's account, guilt and the super-ego require sacrifices in order to be allayed. Where in contemporary culture do you find people making sacrifices, and what feelings are they assuaging by making them?

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