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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What refers to a change in the basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science?
(a) Paradigm shift.
(b) Gradient.
(c) Theoretical physics.
(d) Fractal basin boundaries.

2. Where was Hendrik Houthakker born?
(a) London.
(b) Moscow.
(c) Amsterdam.
(d) Prague.

3. Where was Benoit Mandelbrot born?
(a) Reykjavík, Iceland.
(b) Warsaw, Poland.
(c) Milan, Italy.
(d) Lisbon, Portugal.

4. When was Steven Smale born?
(a) 1938.
(b) 1930.
(c) 1932.
(d) 1943.

5. What is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere?
(a) Thermodynamics.
(b) Physiology.
(c) Fractal compression.
(d) Meteorology.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where is the National Weather Service headquartered?

2. What is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language?

3. In the 1950s and 1960s what two technologies were maturing together, according to the author in Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect"?

4. When was Thomas S. Kuhn born?

5. What was the profession of Benoit Mandelbrot's mother?

Short Essay Questions

1. How did Benoit Mandelbrot describe the ideal data source in Chapter 4, "A Geometry of Nature"?

2. What psychological experiment does Thomas S. Kuhn describe in Chapter 2, "Revolution"?

3. What role do computers and mathematical equations play in ecology and biology as described in Chapter 3, "Life's Ups and Downs"?

4. How did Lorenz develop ways to reproduce complex behavior in Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect"?

5. How did Lorenz's work influence James Yorke in Chapter 3, "Life's Ups and Downs"?

6. What led to Benoit Mandelbrot's epiphany in Chapter 4, "A Geometry of Nature"? Where was Benoit Mandelbrot working at the time?

7. What was the early life of Benoit Mandelbrot like, as described by the author in Chapter 4, "A Geometry of Nature"?

8. When and where was the National Meteorological Center founded in Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect"? What existed before it?

9. Describe the weather simulator discussed in Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect." What weather conditions did it create?

10. What did Benoit Mandelbrot and Hendrik Houthakker agree on about the chart in Chapter 4, "A Geometry of Nature"?

(see the answer keys)

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