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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What refers to a supercomputer manufacturer based in Seattle, Washington, and founded in 1972?
(a) Bend.
(b) Cray.
(c) More.
(d) Ting.

2. For what company had Benoit Mandelbrot been working in economics, studying distribution of various incomes in the economy when he was invited by Houthakker to speak at Harvard?
(a) Iterated Systems Incorporated.
(b) IBM.
(c) Xerox.
(d) ProtoLife.

3. What, according to the author, are created out of things that have come to an end?
(a) Cantor dust.
(b) Cosmic arrhythmias.
(c) Revolutions.
(d) Fractal basin boundaries.

4. What was the name of Edward Lorenz's 1963 paper in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences?
(a) "Physical Review Letters".
(b) "Fractals Everywhere".
(c) "Deterministic Nonperiodic Flow".
(d) "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions".

5. What is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere?
(a) Fractal compression.
(b) Physiology.
(c) Meteorology.
(d) Thermodynamics.

6. In Chapter 2, "Revolution," the author writes, "Professional scientists, given brief, uncertain glimpses of nature's workings, are no less vulnerable to anguish and confusion when they come face to face with" _______________?
(a) "Turbulence".
(b) "Fractals".
(c) "Incongruity".
(d) "Cantor dust".

7. When was Thomas S. Kuhn born?
(a) 1907.
(b) 1915.
(c) 1922.
(d) 1912.

8. In mathematics, what is a system which does not satisfy the superposition principle, or whose output is not directly proportional to its input?
(a) Hyperlinear system.
(b) Linear system.
(c) Thermolinear system.
(d) Nonlinear system.

9. In Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect," the author writes, "The Butterfly Effect acquired a technical name: sensitive dependence on _____________"?
(a) "Controlled conditions."
(b) "Random conditions."
(c) "Initial conditions."
(d) "Ideal conditions."

10. What is a branch of physics which employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena?
(a) Bifurcation theory.
(b) Thermodynamics.
(c) Theoretical physics.
(d) Fluid dynamics.

11. What was the name of the computer manufacturing and retail division of Royal Typewriter which made the early computers RPC 4000 and RPC 9000?
(a) Royal Mathematics.
(b) Royal McBee.
(c) Royal Information Systems.
(d) Royal Computing.

12. What refers to the sensitive dependence on initial conditions; where a small change at one place in a nonlinear system can result in large differences to a later state?
(a) Pufferfish effect.
(b) Kangaroo effect.
(c) Butterfly effect.
(d) Hummingbird effect.

13. According to Gleick in Chapter 3, "Life's Ups and Downs," what will lead to an increased, steady state in the idealized population?
(a) A higher parameter.
(b) A fraction parameter.
(c) A lower parameter.
(d) A multiplier parameter.

14. In the 1950s and 1960s what two technologies were maturing together, according to the author in Chapter 1, "The Butterfly Effect"?
(a) The automobile and space stellite.
(b) The space satellite and digital computer.
(c) The television and automobile.
(d) The digital computer and television.

15. When was Edward Lorenz born?
(a) 1924.
(b) 1917.
(c) 1921.
(d) 1914.

Short Answer Questions

1. Where is Stephen Smale from?

2. What refers to a computer program or network of computers that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system?

3. Where is the main laboratory for the Thomas J. Watson Research Center?

4. According to Gleick in Chapter 3, "Life's Ups and Downs," what will cause the idealized population to end up at the lower level?

5. What mathematical theorem states that every simply connected, closed 3-manifold is homeomorphic to the 3-sphere?

(see the answer keys)

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