3. The town described by the narrator in Chapter 7 is said to have been destroyed by two earthquakes. In what years did the earthquakes demolish the town?

4. What is the secret society run by Haji called in Chapter 20?

5. What did women wear over their faces at the time of Philothei's birth?

Short Essay Questions

1. How is Pamuk described and how did Rustem Bey feel about her?

2. Where was Rustem Bey going in Chapter 25? Why?

3. How is Mustafa Kemal's education described?

4. What does Philothei describe Ibrahim doing that proved his love for her in Chapter 43?

5. Who is the narrator of Chapter 45? Who is the chapter about?

6. What is related in the very brief Chapter 18? Who relates this narrative?

7. Where was Rustem Bey led by the gypsy boy in Chapter 33? How is this setting described?

8. What is the status of the war when Mustafa Kemal reaches Istanbul in Chapter 46?

9. How is Philothei described when she is born?

10. What actions did Polyxeni take in Chapter 12? Why?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Analyze and discuss the characters of Polyxeni and Ayse. How would you describe the relationship between these characters? How are they alike? How are they different? What is the fate of each?

Essay Topic 2

Describe and discuss the characters of Karatavuk and Mehmetçik in the novel. When did they become friends? What do their names mean? What journey does each of these characters experience in the course of the narrative?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss the importance of setting in Birds Without Wings. How does the main setting of Eskibahçe change from the beginning of the novel to its end? What symbolism can be seen in this setting? How does this setting relate to themes in the novel?

(see the answer keys)

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