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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who appears to Aeneas in a dream to tell him where to find people willing to ally themselves with the Trojans against the Latins?

2. Why does Juno craft a phantom Aeneas and lure Turnus onto a departing boat?

3. Which monsters help Vulcan in his forge?

4. Who does Evander plan to use as Aeneas' new army?

5. How does Lausus die?

Short Essay Questions

1. What might Evander mean when he says that it isn't empty-headed superstition that leads them to celebrate?

2. What suggestions are given in this book as to how the conflict can be resolved?

3. What arguments does Sacës use to persuade Turnus to return to the fight?

4. How does Venus use references to the Trojan War when meeting with Jupiter at the beginning of Book X?

5. What is the difference between what Arruns prays for and what he actually receives?

6. How has King Latinus' method of dealing with the war changed since Book VII?

7. What does Jupiter mean when he says that to everyone (Trojan or Rutulian), he is the same king?

8. Under what conditions does Jupiter allow Juno to remove Turnus from the fight?

9. Did Nisus and Euryalus act wisely when attempting to carry out their mission? Why or why not?

10. Why does Juno send Juturna to interfere with the war?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is the purpose of Aeneas' trip to the underworld in The Aeneid? What happens while he is there and what does he learn? How might it have changed the story had he not traveled through this land?

Essay Topic 2

A bildingsroman is a work of art that tells of the development of a character, perhaps telling how the character matures or grows capable of taking on a duty as the process of a journey or a series of trials. Explain why The Aeneid is or is not a bildingsroman by examining how Aeneas does or does not develop over the course of it. Examine issues such as:

1) his capacity as a leader

2) his control over his emotions and temper

3) the wiseness of his judgement

4) his treatment of others.

Essay Topic 3

How much of Turnus' fate at the end of The Aeneid is due to fate, and how much is it due to fortune? As you answer, consider and discuss the following points:

1) What effect did Jupiter have on the outcome of the fight and why?

2) How might things have turned out differently if Turnus had not taken plunder from Pallas?

3) What has Jupiter said all along about the interworkings of fate and fortune and the time allotted each man to live?

(see the answer keys)

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