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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who appears to Aeneas in a dream to tell him where to find people willing to ally themselves with the Trojans against the Latins?

2. Which of the following is not one of the ways Juno suggests Juturna try to save Turnus?

3. Who finds his or her way inside the Trojan camp at the end of Book IX and begins to massacre Trojans?

4. What does Venus claim the Trojans would have been better off doing after Troy was destroyed by the Greeks?

5. What do Nisus and Euryalus do as they move through Turnus' camp?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are some actions that demonstrate the strong friendship between Nisus and Euryalus?

2. What does Jupiter mean when he says that to everyone (Trojan or Rutulian), he is the same king?

3. Why is it significant that in Latinum, Aeneas and some of his followers eat the wheaten cakes they were using as plates for their meal?

4. What arguments does Sacës use to persuade Turnus to return to the fight?

5. How does Jupiter become involved with the war in Book XI, and does this seem fair after he said before in Book X about being the same king to both Trojans and Rutulians?

6. What does Evander tell Aeneas about Latin history?

7. What does the use of Iris as a messenger at the end of Book IX tell the reader about the balance of power between the gods?

8. Did Nisus and Euryalus act wisely when attempting to carry out their mission? Why or why not?

9. Why would Aeneas' shield be covered with the deeds of his descendants?

10. How has King Latinus' method of dealing with the war changed since Book VII?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What role do the Muses play in the telling of this tale? When and why does Virgil call upon them? Upon which particular Muses does he rely?

Essay Topic 2

How are the gods and goddesses similar to and different from the human characters? Are they more moral? Wiser? More powerful? Address these questions as part of an essay on what kind of "people" the divine characters are.

Essay Topic 3

Choose two of the following and compare and contrast their subject matter and what the information they depict conveys to someone examining them:

1) the pictures on the walls of the temple of Juno in Carthage in Book I

2) the pictures on the cloak Aeneas gives Cloanthus as a prize in Book V

3) the sculptures Daedalus created inside the temple of Apollo by the Sibyl in Book VI

4) the pictures on Aeneas's shield in Book VIII

5) the pictures on Pallas's sword belt in Book X.

(see the answer keys)

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