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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. The narrator believes that conservation is the state of harmony between the land and what?

2. What is one of the main birds that makes the marshland its home, as the marshes are moving northward to Canada?

3. The narrator says that professors serve what?

4. In the narrator's view, wilderness is the raw material that man uses to create what?

5. According to the narrator, when he kills his first wolf what does he see in its eyes?

Short Essay Questions

1. Where is the history of the area of White Mountain recorded?

2. Why are public policies involved with outdoor recreation controversial?

3. What is meant by invasive species?

4. Why does the narrator find that the sand farms aren't as poor as people think?

5. What does the narrator state is the main premise for ethics and the environment?

6. According to the narrator, what is the numenon and what is its opposite?

7. What does the narrator consider to be part of the tragedy of the extinction of the passenger pigeon?

8. Why does the narrator say that nobody knows all the terrain on top of the White Mountain?

9. Why should a person never return to nature twice?

10. How does the narrator believe conservation is taught?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss the role of governmental policies and regulations with respect to wildlife and wilderness. Are the policies consistent? What interests do they mean to protect - wildlife or people? Or does it depend on the circumstances? What are Leopold's views? Use the migratory birds and grizzly bears as examples.

Essay Topic 2

Leopold writes that he is the "sole owner of all the acres [he] walks over". Discuss. What does he mean? What is the context within the book? Does he mean this literally? How does this relate to his view of land?

Essay Topic 3

Discuss Leopold's view of the "gadget industry", tourism, and the advertising industries, with respect to wildlife and the wilderness. What roles do each play? How do they interact with nature? With each other? Give examples from the book.

(see the answer keys)

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