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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Early signs of trouble in the Balkans begin with brief wars in Slovenia and Croatia in the early:

2. Policymakers in favor of ratification argue not only for the moral imperatives but also that non-ratification is:

3. This country frequently cuts down U.S. criticisms of other countries by saying "a country that had not even contracted to the genocide convention had no right to lecture the Soviet Union on human rights."

4. In 1990, after the U.S. Senate cuts off Iraq's financial assistance and credit line, what happened?

5. Whom does Iraq's president appoint as secretary-general of the Northern Bureau?

Short Essay Questions

1. Although President Reagan stated that he would endorse the genocide convention, what first step was he, as well as his administration, seemingly reluctant to take?

2. What Rwandan atrocity caused the definition of genocide to be expanded upon?

3. In the middle of July 1995, what did journalists stationed in the Balkan region begin reporting?

4. When Yugoslavia began to break up into smaller countries in 1991, what dilemma was Bosnia thrown into?

5. From 1987-1988, Hussein's military killed how many Kurds as it destroyed thousands of Kurdish villages?

6. What was the human and geographic toll of the Serbs' genocide against the Bosnians, in terms of people killed, people displaced, and partitioning of Bosnian territory?

7. What has turned out to be the drawback to not necessarily holding genocide proceedings in the victimized country?

8. Four months after the war began in Bosnia, Helsinki Watch released a report on the situation. What details did the report contain?

9. In February, 1999, Western allies presented Milosevic with a "take-it-or-leave-it" proposal. What were the conditions of this proposal?

10. Why was the Arusha agreement unpopular with Hutu extremists?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

When World War I ended, Britain, France, and Russia wanted to hold officials in Germany, Austria, and Turkey responsible for violations of law and crimes of humanity. For Turkey, this action would have tried their officials for the atrocities committed upon the Armenians. Explain and demonstrate, backing your arguments from the text, why the United States refused to go along with the rest of the Allies' desires.

Essay Topic 2

In the mid-1980s, advocates for U.S. ratification of the genocide treaty argued that ratification would mean that the U.S. would now be able to file genocide charges against a country in the International Court of Justice. Using the text as backup, compare and contrast the United States' reaction to genocidal acts after it ratified the treaty with its reaction to them prior to ratification in order to decide whether ratification advocates' predictions had come true.

Essay Topic 3

When the term "genocide" was coined, some welcomed it as a way to motivate any who used it to stand against the atrocities it represented; others argued that a word was just a word, and that using this word would not change official stances. Compare and contrast how the world reacted to the various acts of genocide expounded upon in A Problem from Hell's as you develop an analysis that explains which opinion history has, so far, proven to be correct.

(see the answer keys)

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