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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. When the safe area of Zepa is in danger from the Serbs, the Allies state they would only react with air power under what circumstance?
(a) If UN troops were attacked.
(b) If Macedonia was attacked.
(c) If Zepa was attacked.
(d) If Gorazde was attacked.

2. After the U.S. embassy in London cables Washington with news of the Srbrenica atrocities, how do senior U.S. and UN officials treat the situation?
(a) As an international humanitarian crisis.
(b) As a military situation.
(c) As an act of war.
(d) As nothing out of the ordinary.

3. The former Yugoslavia presents no obvious threat to:
(a) U.S. interests.
(b) Regional stability.
(c) European interests.
(d) Soviet interests.

4. Which concentration center does British Independent Television gain footage of?
(a) Sarajevo.
(b) Srbrenica.
(c) Trnopolje.
(d) Helsinki.

5. In response to the bombing, Serbian forces expell 1.3 million Kosovars, _____________ of which flee to Macedonia and Albania.
(a) 1,000,000.
(b) 700,000.
(c) 1,200,000.
(d) 500,000.

Short Answer Questions

1. When Milosevic arrives at the War Crimes Tribunal, he becomes the _______ Yugoslav war crimes suspect behind UN bars.

2. After the president's plane is shot down, Colonel Theoneste Bagosora and the Rwandan army take control of the country. What Rwandan tribe does Bagosora belong to?

3. When Serbia refuses to restore autonomy to Kosovo, what group rises up in opposition?

4. Policymakers in favor of ratification argue not only for the moral imperatives but also that non-ratification is:

5. Which president's administration comes under fire as more people now realize that the U.S. cannot pursue both an end to genocide and a policy of nonintervention in the Balkans?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was President Reagan's 1985 visit to Germany's Bitburg Cemetery to lay a wreath so controversial?

2. What was the influence of the creation of the 1993 International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia upon the Rwandan genocide?

3. What have the Kurds demanded since 1922?

4. Why did the U.S. turn a blind eye to Iraqi brutality against the Kurds?

5. When Yugoslavia began to break up into smaller countries in 1991, what dilemma was Bosnia thrown into?

6. Within hours of President Habyarimana's death, whom did armed Hutus begin targeting?

7. Although President Reagan stated that he would endorse the genocide convention, what first step was he, as well as his administration, seemingly reluctant to take?

8. Although Rwanda held one of the seats on the UN Security Council, what measures that the Council could have taken against the Hutus' genocide were never suggested?

9. Four months after the war began in Bosnia, Helsinki Watch released a report on the situation. What details did the report contain?

10. Why was the Arusha agreement unpopular with Hutu extremists?

(see the answer keys)

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