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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. By November 2001, how many of the fifty-three Rwandan defendants in U.S. custody have been convicted of genocide?
(a) 8.
(b) 3.
(c) 53.
(d) 50.

2. President Clinton closes the Rwandan embassy in Washington and seizes its assets after:
(a) The RPF gains control over most of Rwanda.
(b) The Hutu gains control over most of Rwanda.
(c) Rwanda closes the U.S. embassy in Kigali.
(d) Somalia invades Rwanda.

3. What do Western diplomats suggest that Bosnia offer to its minorities?
(a) Protection from genocide.
(b) Human rights protections.
(c) Autonomy.
(d) Assistance seeking asylum in other countries.

4. Which 1998 law signed by President Clinton calls for an international tribunal to be established to try those who committed the Kurdish genocide?
(a) The Iraq Liberation Act.
(b) The Iraqi Genocide Act.
(c) The Kurdistan Liberation Act.
(d) The Kurdish Genocide Act.

5. In 1991, __________ begins to break up into smaller countries.
(a) Yugoslavia.
(b) The Ottoman Empire.
(c) Czechoslovakia.
(d) The Soviet Union.

Short Answer Questions

1. What form of intervention do the United States, Europe, and the United Nations not deploy in Bosnia until it is too late?

2. This country frequently cuts down U.S. criticisms of other countries by saying "a country that had not even contracted to the genocide convention had no right to lecture the Soviet Union on human rights."

3. The town of Halabja becomes known as the Kurdish ____________.

4. In the three days it takes for UN soldiers to evacuate approximately 4,000 foreigners from Rwanda, how many Rwandans are killed?

5. Which ethnic group is responsible for the aggression against minorities after Yugoslavia's collapse?

Short Essay Questions

1. Why was President Reagan's 1985 visit to Germany's Bitburg Cemetery to lay a wreath so controversial?

2. In February, 1999, Western allies presented Milosevic with a "take-it-or-leave-it" proposal. What were the conditions of this proposal?

3. While Mladic's men were killing the men and boys living in Srbrenica, what was done with the women, children, and elderly?

4. Why did the U.S. turn a blind eye to Iraqi brutality against the Kurds?

5. From 1987-1988, Hussein's military killed how many Kurds as it destroyed thousands of Kurdish villages?

6. Why did Rwanda actually vote against setting up its war crimes tribunal?

7. What is an example of one of the many treaties President Jimmy Carter used his leverage to ratify instead of the genocide treaty?

8. Why was the Arusha agreement unpopular with Hutu extremists?

9. What consequence did the State Department threaten against the Serbian soldiers?

10. Four months after the war began in Bosnia, Helsinki Watch released a report on the situation. What details did the report contain?

(see the answer keys)

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