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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Policymakers in favor of ratification argue not only for the moral imperatives but also that non-ratification is:
(a) Damaging American interests and status.
(b) Damaging the UN's interests and status.
(c) Enhancing Soviet interests and status.
(d) Enhancing and facilitating the spread of Communism.

2. President Clinton closes the Rwandan embassy in Washington and seizes its assets after:
(a) Rwanda closes the U.S. embassy in Kigali.
(b) The RPF gains control over most of Rwanda.
(c) Somalia invades Rwanda.
(d) The Hutu gains control over most of Rwanda.

3. When Serbia refuses to restore autonomy to Kosovo, what group rises up in opposition?
(a) Kosovo Liberation Army.
(b) Liberation League of Albania.
(c) Kosovar Liberation Army.
(d) Albanian Freedom Fighters.

4. The Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), which responds with force to the Hutu's political assassinations, thereby reigniting a civil war that had been smoldering, belongs to which Rwandan tribe?
(a) Hutu.
(b) Tutsi.
(c) Zulu.
(d) Maasai.

5. In July 1995, Serb forces invade Srbrenica, which is considered a:
(a) Refugee camp.
(b) Safe area.
(c) Major city.
(d) Autonomous region.

Short Answer Questions

1. The ratification of the genocide treaty makes the U.S. ________ in its reactions to genocide.

2. The town of Halabja becomes known as the Kurdish ____________.

3. This country frequently cuts down U.S. criticisms of other countries by saying "a country that had not even contracted to the genocide convention had no right to lecture the Soviet Union on human rights."

4. In response to demands for his rule to end, Serbia's leader brutalizes what minority in Kosovo?

5. In 1991, __________ begins to break up into smaller countries.

Short Essay Questions

1. From 1987-1988, Hussein's military killed how many Kurds as it destroyed thousands of Kurdish villages?

2. When Bosnian Serbs declared an independent Serb state, what measure did Western countries take in an attempt to stabilize the area?

3. Within hours of President Habyarimana's death, whom did armed Hutus begin targeting?

4. When Kurdish leaders decided to side with Iran in the Iraq-Iran war, what was the reaction of the Iraqi military?

5. In the middle of July 1995, what did journalists stationed in the Balkan region begin reporting?

6. What consequence did the State Department threaten against the Serbian soldiers?

7. Although President Reagan stated that he would endorse the genocide convention, what first step was he, as well as his administration, seemingly reluctant to take?

8. What was the human and geographic toll of the Serbs' genocide against the Bosnians, in terms of people killed, people displaced, and partitioning of Bosnian territory?

9. What have the Kurds demanded since 1922?

10. Why was President Reagan's 1985 visit to Germany's Bitburg Cemetery to lay a wreath so controversial?

(see the answer keys)

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