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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In how many American cities, in total, were Communist raids carried out on November 9, 1919?

2. The May Day parade in Cleveland ended with how many people dead?

3. In what year was the 15th Amendment ratified, granting black men the right to vote?

4. Every black man arrested during the 1919 Elaine Massacre was helped by civil rights groups and all were released by January of what year?

5. What system replaced slavery while at the same time doing little to improve the lives of those living within its structure?

Short Essay Questions

1. What did the Northern United States symbolize for the famous writer Richard Wright?

2. What action did the NAACP take against four major white newspapers in 1919 and why?

3. In what way is the phrase "race riot" (68) misleading when it comes to a period of time like the Red Summer of 1919?

4. What world event occurred in 1917 that helped to fuel the first Red Scare?

5. What effect did the words of W.E.B. Du Bois have on black Americans returning from serving in World War I?

6. Discuss the way in which the theme of injustice arises within the book's descriptions of the aftermath of the Elaine Massacre.

7. What is the significance of the date January 2, 1920?

8. How were the expectations of black American soldiers dashed when they returned from fighting in World War I?

9. In which three American cities did the three "largest and most devastating riots of all take place" (72) during the period called the Red Summer?

10. Discuss an example of irony Sandler points out within a particular historical event.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

What is Sandler's message regarding the difference between awareness and activism and how does Sandler get this message across to the reader?

Essay Topic 2

Examine how Sandler goes about connecting personal experience with the arguments put forth within 1919: The Year That Changed America. How does Sandler accomplish this goal and how does this goal relate to the overarching themes of the text?

Essay Topic 3

How is the theme of hypocrisy treated within Sandler’s text and with which of the text’s messages does the theme closely connect?

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