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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. On January 2, 1920, Palmer authorized raids all of the country, resulting in how many thousands of arrests?

2. Toward what location did the "ancient army transport ship" (105) called the Buford take its passengers?

3. The first race riot of the Red Summer took place in what US state?

4. Which black author and activist coined the term "the Red Summer" (66)?

5. Just under how many years after the first Red Scare in America did the second Red Scare take place?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was "the Soviet Ark" (104)?

2. What does Sandler believe was the primary motivation behind Senator Joseph McCarthy's decision to lead the second Red Scare?

3. When and where did "1919's most murderous acts of violence" (82) take place?

4. How long did the tragic period entitled the Red Summer last?

5. How were the expectations of black American soldiers dashed when they returned from fighting in World War I?

6. Discuss an example of irony Sandler points out within a particular historical event.

7. How did the Red Scare get its title?

8. What was the event referred to as "the Great Migration" (67) and for what reasons did it occur?

9. What did the Northern United States symbolize for the famous writer Richard Wright?

10. In what way is the phrase "race riot" (68) misleading when it comes to a period of time like the Red Summer of 1919?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Discuss Sandler's decision to include humor within the nonfiction text of 1919: The Year That Changed America. What purpose did Sandler have in mind when including these instances of humor and how does the inclusion of these instances support the overarching themes and messages of the text?

Essay Topic 2

Examine Sandler’s use of characterization methods to portray real people. What effect do these characterization methods have on the work's inherent themes and messages?

Essay Topic 3

How does Sandler use sensory details in order to strengthen the text’s messages? Discuss at least two passages that include the use of sensory details and pull quotes from these passages to support your claim.

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