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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What type of insect invaded the South beginning in the spring of 1919, destroying entire crops of cotton?

2. The period called the Red Summer actually began in which month of 1919?

3. The "white press" in which area of the country in particular is described as having "made the situation much worse" (73) during the Red Summer?

4. How many people were deported using the ship nicknamed the "Soviet Ark" (104) in 1919?

5. According to the prestigious organization called Equal Justice Initiative (EJI) how many black people were killed during the Elaine Massacre?

Short Essay Questions

1. Who coined the phrase the Red Summer and why?

2. What was "the Soviet Ark" (104)?

3. When and where did "1919's most murderous acts of violence" (82) take place?

4. How were the expectations of black American soldiers dashed when they returned from fighting in World War I?

5. In what way is the phrase "race riot" (68) misleading when it comes to a period of time like the Red Summer of 1919?

6. What was the House Un-American Activities Committee and who created it?

7. What did the Northern United States symbolize for the famous writer Richard Wright?

8. What was the event referred to as "the Great Migration" (67) and for what reasons did it occur?

9. Discuss an example of irony Sandler points out within a particular historical event.

10. What does Sandler believe was the primary motivation behind Senator Joseph McCarthy's decision to lead the second Red Scare?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In what way does Sandler go about breaking the text into parts and how do these structural elements help to advance the text’s arguments?

Essay Topic 2

How do the themes of deception and secrecy function within 1919: The Year That Changed America and what is Sandler’s message regarding these themes?

Essay Topic 3

Analyze the ways in which the themes of adaptability and resignation appear within Sandler’s book 1919: The Year That Changed America. What message is Sandler sending about these two themes over the course of the book?

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