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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which black author and activist coined the term "the Red Summer" (66)?
(a) Richard Wright.
(b) James Weldon Johnson.
(c) Zora Neale Hurston.
(d) Langston Hughes.

2. What newspaper was "the most widely read black publication" (67) in the year 1919?
(a) The Chicago Freedom Fighter.
(b) The Chicago Rally.
(c) The Chicago Defender.
(d) The Chicago Tribune.

3. The period referred to as the Red Summer actually ended in which month of 1919?
(a) October.
(b) September.
(c) November.
(d) December.

4. On what date did President Woodrow Wilson take action in regard to the Washington, D.C. race riots described in Chapter 3: The Red Summer?
(a) August 1.
(b) July 29.
(c) September 30.
(d) July 22.

5. How many black sharecroppers attended the meeting of the Progressive Farmers and Household Union meeting on September 30, 1919?
(a) 100.
(b) 500.
(c) 300.
(d) 30.

Short Answer Questions

1. Sandler writes, "Communism is based on a system in which" what entity "owns everything and is responsible for distributing resources to every citizen" (96)?

2. How many US states enacted laws making it illegal to fly a red flag?

3. The leader of the new bureau named the General Intelligence Division created a filing system containing how many hundreds of thousands of "cross-indexed cards" (100)?

4. What percentage of the Washington DC population was white when World War I came to an end?

5. The first race riot of the Red Summer took place in what US state?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is the significance of the date January 2, 1920?

2. Who coined the phrase the Red Summer and why?

3. Who was the leader of the first Red Scare?

4. How did the Red Scare get its title?

5. In what way is the phrase "race riot" (68) misleading when it comes to a period of time like the Red Summer of 1919?

6. In what way are American freedoms shown to have ebbed during the first Red Scare?

7. In which three American cities did the three "largest and most devastating riots of all take place" (72) during the period called the Red Summer?

8. What action did the NAACP take against four major white newspapers in 1919 and why?

9. What effect did the words of W.E.B. Du Bois have on black Americans returning from serving in World War I?

10. What role did the black press play in the Great Migration of the early twentieth century?

(see the answer keys)

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