Giza. The best-known monuments from ancient Egypt are the pyramids of Giza (circa 2585-2510 B.C.E.). They also serve as a good example of the way the Egyptians approached engineering and architecture. The Egyptians used extremely simple technology to accomplish sophisticated ends. Archaeological remains, relief sculpture, paintings, and experimental archaeology have all contributed to modern knowledge of Egyptian techniques for building the pyramids.

Supply and Transport of Materials. The Egyptians transported the stone used to build the pyramids by boat and sledge. Stone, quarried a long distance from the building site, was loaded onto boats. A relief sculpture carved on the causeway of the pyramid temple of Unas (circa 2371- 2350 B.C.E.) depicted a boat carrying granite columns from Aswan to Memphis. The Autobiography of Weni, a text dating to Dynasty 6 (circa 2350-2170 B.C.E...