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The esteem with which Soviet officials held Hammer made him an uncredited American ambassador to Russia and extremely valuable during the 1970s and 1980s. He tried unsuccessfully to resolve Soviet/ American tensions over the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan. He marshaled humanitarian assistance to Russia after the Chernobyl disaster. He acted as a mediator negotiating the status of Russian Jews for Israel. He was a lifelong champion of international peace, nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. His diplomatic activities provided Hammer with the political support necessary to survive four court challenges to Occidental by the Securities and Exchange Commission. He earned a reputation as a "teflon tycoon," to whom charges of improprieties did not stick, though in 1976 he pleaded guilty to illegal contributions to Richard Nixon's 1972 presidential campaign and was sentenced to a year's probation and a three-thousand-dollar fine. While he continued to enjoy the confidences of...
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This section contains 208 words (approx. 1 page at 300 words per page) |
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