Growing Executive Power.

During the first decade of the twentieth century, the presidency underwent dramatic changes. In office from 1897 until his death on 14 September 1901, William McKinley had quietly expanded the chief executive's power during the Spanish- American War, making policy decisions regarding the Philippines without consulting Congress. Strong support in Congress for the expansion of American international influence muted any congressional opposition to McKinley's actions. He reorganized the executive branch and increased the size of his staff to handle his increasing responsibilities. McKinley was also more involved than previous "caretaker" presidents in the creation and passage of legislation, actively leading his party and the government. He presided over a victory in the Spanish- American War and a strong economic recovery, both of which helped to generate public confidence in his administration.

A Prototypical President.

When Vice President Theodore Roosevelt became president in September...