few words or sentences can shew, therefore there be
that haue called stile, the image of man [mentes
character] for man is but his minde, and as his
minde is tempered and qualified, so are his speeches
and language at large, and his inward conceits be
the mettall of his minde and his manner of vtterance
the very warp & woofe of his conceits, more plaine,
or busie and intricate, or otherwise affected after
the rate. Most men say that not any one point
in all Phisiognomy is so certaine, as to iudge
a mans manners by his eye: but more assuredly
in mine opinion, by his dayly maner of speech and
ordinary writing. For if the man be graue, his
speech and stile is graue: if light-headed, his
stile and language also light: if the minde be
haughtie and hoate, the speech and stile is also vehement
and stirring: if it be colde and temperate, the
stile is also very modest: if it be humble, or
base and meeke, so is also the language and stile.
And yet peraduenture not altogether so, but that euery
mans stile is for the most part according to the matter
and subiect of the writer, or so ought to be and conformable
thereunto. Then againe may it be said as wel,
that men doo chuse their subjects according to the
mettal of their minds, & therfore a high minded man
chuseth him high & lofty matter to write of.
The base courage, matter base & lowe, the meane & modest
mind, meane & moderate matters after the rate.
Howsoeuer it be, we finde that vnder these three principall
complexions (if I may with leaue so terme them) high,
meane and base stile, there be contained many other
humors or qualities of stile, as the plaine and obscure,
the rough and smoth, the facill and hard, the plentifull
and barraine, the rude and eloquent, the strong and
feeble, the vehement and cold stiles, all which in
their euill are to be reformed, and the good to be
kept and vsed. But generally to haue the stile
decent & comely it behooueth the maker or Poet to follow
the nature of his subiect, that is if his matter be
high and loftie that the stile be so to, if meane,
the stile also to be meane, if base, the stile humble
and base accordingly: and they that do otherwise
vse it, applying to meane matter, hie and loftie stile,
and to hie matters, stile eyther meane or base, and
to the base matters, the meane or hie stile, do vtterly
disgrace their poesie and shew themselues nothing skilfull
in their arte, nor hauing regard to the decencie,
which is the chiefe praise of any writer. Therefore
to ridde all louers of learning from that errour,
I will as neere as I can set downe, which matters be
hie and loftie, which be but meane, and which be low
and base, to the intent the stiles may be fashioned
to the matters, and keepe their decorum and
good proportion in euery respect: I am not ignorant
that many good clerkes be contrary to mine opinion,
and say that the loftie style may be decently vsed
in a meane and base subiect & contrariwise, which
I do in parte acknowledge, but with a reasonable qualification.


