=38= 8 =los de Paris=:  the Champs-Elysees, the central garden of Paris, is one of the most famous public squares in the world.

=38= 13 =pisos=:  lit. ‘stories,’ meaning the celestial spheres, whose number Dante, however, makes nine.

=38= 14 =sino=:  i.e. =nada sino, cosa sino=.  R. 739; C. 232, 4.

=38= 20 =esta de cuerpo presente=:  ‘is laid out for its funeral.’

=38= 28 =se han corrido=:  ‘have been issued’.

=39= 7 =sulfurar=:  colloq. expression, equivalent to Eng. ’get a rise out of.’

=40= 1 =todo se acabo=:  ‘it’s all over,’ ‘that’s an end of it.’  Noteworthy as an idiom is the use of the past absolute of =acabar=, and occasionally other verbs of ending or stopping, where the perfect would be expected according to ordinary tense usage.

=40= 7 =salimos con=:  see =salir con= in vocabulary.

=40= 13 =no podia menos de=:  R. 1033; K. 619; C. 291.

=40= 18 =al Ateneo=:  ‘to the Athenaeum,’ a literary and scientific club in Madrid, established in 1835, which has been for many years the meeting-place of Spanish liberals and freethinkers.  It is looked upon with great suspicion by the clerical party.

=40= 30 =haciendose la mosquita muerta=:  ‘playing possum,’ ‘lying low’ (colloq.), feigning insignificance and biding his time.

=40= 31 =los siete doctores=:  as the mediaeval church had its seven sacraments, its seven cardinal virtues, its seven deadly sins, its seven sages of antiquity, etc., so it had its seven doctors, or divinely appointed teachers of the faith.  The list of these last was a very variable one.

=40= 34 =Si=:  the conditional =si= is idiomatically used to give point or emphasis to an affirmation, much like the English colloquial why.  R. 1423; K. 601; C. 214, 4.  Similarly on p. 43, l. 15.  This usage must be distinguished carefully from the similar use of the affirmative particle =si=, marking a real or implied antithesis.

=41= 9 =ante=:  R. 191; K. 632; C. 222.

=41= 13 =diera=:  really plup. ind., not imperf. subj.  As is well known, the forms in =-ara,-iera=, came from the Latin plup. ind. (Span. =amara= = Lat. amaveram, amaram), and in older Spanish retained in most cases their original force; but they were confused with the Latin imperf. subj. in _-rem_, and gradually the subjunctive use supplanted the indicative.  The latter, however, survives in relative clauses in formal or elevated discourse, and still more in colloquial idiom.  Galdos uses it more than do most modern authors.  Cf.  R. 1202; K. 702; C. 280.

=41= 22 =hieraticos=:  a form of ancient Egyptian writing intermediate between hieroglyphic and demotic.

=42= 34 =tomar el arado=:  ’take the plough-handle.’—­=sentarse al telar=:  ‘sit down at the workbench’ (lit. ’loom’).

=43= 9 =recien=:  the adv. =recientemente=, when it immediately precedes a past participle used adjectively, assumes this abbreviated form.  R. 1405; K. 600; C. 211, 2.