on which see M.D.F. IV. 76. Inaniter = [Greek:  kenos] = [Greek:  pseudos].  Cf. n. on I. 35, also II. 47, D.F. V. 3 (inaniter moveri), T.D. IV. 13, De Div. II. 120, 126, 140 (per se moveri), Greek [Greek:  kenopathein] (Sext. P.H. II. 49), [Greek:  kenopatheia] (= inanis motus, Sext. A.M. VIII. 184), [Greek:  kenopathemata kai anaplasmata tes dianoias] (ib. VIII. 354), [Greek:  diakenos helkysmos] (ib. VII. 241), [Greek:  diakenos phantasia] (ib. VIII. 67), and the frequent phrase [Greek:  kinema tes dianoias].  For the meaning see n. on 47. Relinquitur:  so in Sext. [Greek:  apoleipein] is constantly used as the opposite of [Greek:  anairein] (tollere).

Sec.35. Neminem etc.:  they are content to make strong statements without any mark of certainty. Primo quasi adspectu:  the merely [Greek:  pithane phantasia] is here meant; see 33.

Sec.36. Ex circumspectione, etc.:  the [Greek:  diexodeumene]; see n. on 33. Primum quia ... deinde:  for the slight anacoluthia, cf. M.D.F ed.  II. p. 796. Iis visis, etc.:  i.e. if you have a number of things, emitting a number of appearances, and you cannot be sure of uniting each appearance to the thing from which it proceeds, then you can have no faith in any appearance even if you have gone through the process required by Carneades’ rules. Ad verum ipsum:  cf. 40. Quam proxime:  cf. 47, and also 7. Insigne:  [Greek:  semeion], the same as nota and signum above. Quo obscurato:  so Lamb. for MSS. obscuro which Halm keeps.  Cf. quam obscurari volunt in 42 and quo sublato in 33. Argumentum:  Cic. seems to be thinking of the word [Greek:  tekmerion], which, however, the Stoics hardly use. Id quod significatur:  [Greek:  to semeionton] in Sext.

Sec.Sec.37—­40.  Summary The distinction of an animal is to act.  You must either therefore deprive it of sensation, or allow it to assent to phenomena (37).  Mind, memory, the arts and virtue itself, require a firm assent to be given to some phenomena, he therefore who does away with assent does away with all action in life (38, 39).

Sec.37. Explicabamus:  19—­21 and 30 (quae vis esset in sensibus). Inanimum:  not inanimatum, cf. M.D.F.  IV. 36. Agit aliquid:  I. 23. Quae est in nostra:  Walker’s insertion of non before est is needless, cf. n. on I. 40.  It is the impact of the sensation from without, not the assent given to it, that is involuntary (Sext. A.M. VIII. 397 [Greek:  to men gar phantasiothenai abouleton en]).  For in potestate cf. De Fato 9, N.D. I. 69