[Footnote 340:  These Scotch pirate craft (as it would seem) are described by Vegetius (A.D. 380) as skiffs (scaphae), which, the better to escape observation, were painted a neutral tint all over, ropes and all, and were thus known as Picts.  The crews were dressed in the same colour—­like our present khaki.  These vessels were large open boats rowing twenty oars a side, and also used sails.  The very scientifically constructed vessels which have been found in the silt of the Clyde estuary may have been Picts.  See p. 80.]

[Footnote 341:  Henry of Huntingdon, ‘History of the English,’ ii.  I.]

[Footnote 342:  Murat, CCLXIII. 4.]

[Footnote 343:  See p. 225.]

[Footnote 344:  Jerome, in his treatise against Jovian, declares that he could bear personal testimony to this.]

[Footnote 345:  See p. 194.]

[Footnote 346:  Marcellinus dwells upon the chopping seas which usually prevailed in the Straits; and of the rapid tide, which is also referred to by Ausonius (380), “Quum virides algas et rubra corallia nudat Aestus,” etc.]

[Footnote 347:  To him is probably due the reconstruction of the “Vallum” as a defence against attacks from the south, such as the Scots were now able to deliver.  See p. 207.]

[Footnote 348:  Marcellinus, ‘Hist.’  XXVIII. 3.  See p. 202.]

[Footnote 349:  ‘De Quarto Consulatu Honorii,’ I. 31.]

[Footnote 350:  Theodosius married Galla, daughter of Valentinian I.]

[Footnote 351:  For the later migrations to Brittany see Elton’s ‘Origins,’ p. 350.  Samson, Archbishop of York, is said to have fled thither in 500, and settled at Dol.  Sidonius Apollinaris speaks of Britons settled by the Loire.]

[Footnote 352:  ‘In Primum Consulatum Stilichonis,’ II. 247.]

[Footnote 353:  Alone amongst the legions it is not mentioned in the ‘Notitia’ as attached to any province.]

[Footnote 354:  ‘Epithalamium Paladii,’ 85.]

[Footnote 355:  The first printed edition was published 1552.]

[Footnote 356:  See p. 90.]

[Footnote 357:  Portus Adurni.  Some authorities, however, hold this to be Shoreham, others Portsmouth, others Aldrington.  The remaining posts are less disputed.  They were Branodunum (Brancaster), Garianonum (Yarmouth), Othona (Althorne[?] in Essex), Regulbium (Reculver), Rutupiae (Richborough), Lemanni (Lyminge), Dubris (Dover), and Anderida.]

[Footnote 358:  There were six “Counts” altogether in the Western Empire, and twelve “Dukes.”  Both Counts and Dukes were of “Respectable” rank, the second in the Diocletian hierarchy.]

[Footnote 359:  See p. 237.]

[Footnote 360:  This word, however, may perhaps signify Imperial rather than London.]

[Footnote 361:  Olympiodorus (A.D. 425).]

[Footnote 362:  ‘Hist.  Nov.’ vi. 10.  He is a contemporary authority.]