[Footnote 321:  Eutropius, ix. 21.]

[Footnote 322:  The Franks of Carausius had already swept that sea (see p. 219).]

[Footnote 323:  Mamertinus, ‘Paneg. in Maximian.’]

[Footnote 324:  Caesar, originally a mere family name, was adapted first as an Imperial title by the Flavian Emperors.]

[Footnote 325:  Henry of Huntingdon makes her the daughter of Coel, King of Colchester; the “old King Cole” of our nursery rhyme, and as mythical as other eponymous heroes.  Bede calls her a concubine, a slur derived from Eutropius (A.D. 360), who calls the connection obscurius matrimonium (Brev. x. 1).]

[Footnote 326:  Eumenius, ‘Panegyric on Constantine,’ c. 8.]

[Footnote 327:  Eumenius, ‘Panegyric on Constantius,’ c. 6.]

[Footnote 328:  Salisbury Plain has been suggested as the field.]

[Footnote 329:  The historian Victor, writing about 360 A.D., ascribes the recovery of Britain to this officer rather than to the personal efforts of Constantius.  The suggestion in the text is an endeavour to reconcile his statement with the earlier panegyrics of Eumenius.]

[Footnote 330:  See p. 59.  An inscription found near Cirencester proves that place to have been in Britannia Prima.  It is figured by Haverfield (’Eng.  Hist.  Rev.’  July 1896), and runs as follows:  Septimius renovat Primae Provinciae Rector Signum et erectam prisca religione columnam.  This is meant for two hexameter lines, and refers to Julian’s revival of Paganism (see p. 233).]

[Footnote 331:  Specimens of these are given by Harnack in the ‘Theologische Literaturzeitung’ of January 20 and March 17, 1894.]

[Footnote 332:  See Sozomen, ‘Hist.  Eccl.’  I, 6.]

[Footnote 333:  See p. 123.]

[Footnote 334:  The name commonly given to the really unknown author of the ‘History of the Britons.’  He states that the tombstone of Constantius was still to be seen in his day, and gives Mirmantum or Miniamantum as an alternative name for Segontium.  Bangor and Silchester are rival claimants for the name, and one 13th-century MS. declares York to be signified.]

[Footnote 335:  The Sacred Monogram known as Labarum.  Both name and emblem were very possibly adapted from the primitive cult of the Labrys, or Double Axe, filtered through Mithraism.  The figure is never found as a Christian emblem before Constantine, though it appears as a Heathen symbol upon the coinage of Decius (A.D. 250).  See Parsons, ‘Non-Christian Cross,’ p. 148.]

[Footnote 336:  Hilary (A.D. 358), ‘De Synodis,’ Sec. 2.]

[Footnote 337:  Ammianus Marcellinus, ‘Hist.’  XX.  I.]

[Footnote 338:  Jerome calls her “fertilis tyrannorum provincia.” [’Ad Ctesiph.’ xliii.] It is noteworthy that in all ecclesiastical notices of this period Britain is always spoken of as a single province, in spite of Diocletian’s reforms.]

[Footnote 339:  See p. 202.]