[Footnote 303:  On this inscription see Huebner, C.I.L. vii. 1.  A drawing will be found in Bruce’s ‘Handbook to the Wall’ (ed. 1895), p. 23.]

[Footnote 304:  The name Cilurnum may be connected with this wealth of water.  In modern Welsh celurn = caldron.]

[Footnote 305:  “All hast thou won, all hast thou been.  Now be God the winner.” (These final words are equivocal, in both Latin and English.  They might signify, “Now let God be your conqueror,” and “Now, thou conqueror, be God,” i. e. “die”; for a Roman Emperor was deified at his decease.) Spartianus, ‘De Severo,’ 22.]

[Footnote 306:  Aelius Spartianus, ‘Severus,’ c. 22.]

[Footnote 307:  See p. 46.]

[Footnote 308:  Dio Cassius, lxxvi. 16.]

[Footnote 309:  Ibid. lxxvii.  I.]

[Footnote 310:  In 369.  See p. 230.]

[Footnote 311:  Constans in 343.  See p. 230.]

[Footnote 312:  See Bruce, ‘Handbook to Wall’ (ed. 1895), p. 267.]

[Footnote 313:  Such tablets, called tabulae honestae missionis ("certificates of honourable discharge"), were given to every enfranchised veteran, and were small enough to be carried easily on the person.  Four others, besides that at Cilurnum, have been found in Britain.]

[Footnote 314:  None of the above-mentioned tabulae found are later than A.D. 146, which, so far as it goes, supports the contention that Marcus Aurelius was the real extender of the citizenship; Caracalla merely insisting on the liabilities which every Roman subject had incurred by his rise to this status.]

[Footnote 315:  See pp. 175, 176.  Only those fairly identifiable are given; the certain in capitals, the highly probable in ordinary type, and the reasonably probable in italics.  For a full list of Romano-British place-names, see Pearson, ’Historical Maps of England.’]

[Footnote 316:  Probus was fond of thus dealing with his captives.  He settled certain Franks on the Black Sea, where they seized shipping and sailed triumphantly back to the Rhine, raiding on their way the shores of Asia Minor, Greece, and Africa, and even storming Syracuse.  They ultimately took service under Carausius. [See Eumenius, Panegyric on Constantius.] The Vandals he had captured on the Rhine, after their great defeat by Aurelius on the Danube.]

[Footnote 317:  This name may also echo some tradition of barbarians from afar having camped there.]

[Footnote 318:  Eutropius (A.D. 360), ‘Breviarium,’ x. 21.]

[Footnote 319:  By the analogy of Saxon and of Lombard (Lango-bardi = “Long-spears"), this seems the most probable original derivation of the name.  In later ages it was, doubtless, supposed to have to do with frank = free.  The franca is described by Procopius (’De Bell.  Goth.’ ii. 25.), and figures in the Song of Maldon.]

[Footnote 320:  See Florence of Worcester (A.D. 1138); also the Song of Beowulf.]