1914: World War I begins in eastern Europe with the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand and his wife, members of the ruling family of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Following the assassination by a Serb, Austro-Hungarians declare war on Bosnia

1990s: Bosnia is torn by war between Muslims, Croats, and Serbs Turmoil continues following the 1992-95 war in Bosnia, with the country divided between Serbian and Muslim-Croat zones.

1900s: A penal colony is essentially a prison. In the early 1900s, prison rates in the United States range from a rate of 121.2 per 100,000 people in 1910 to 99.7 people per 100,000 people in 1923.

1990s: In the United States, the prison rate is 311 per 100,000 people in 1990 and 429 per 100,000 people in 1995. Rates vary among European nations. For example, in Austria in 1990, 68,092 adults and 3,630 are convicted. In 1997, the prison rate for the Russian Federation, 700 per 100,00 people, is considered to be the highest in the world...