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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What office did President-Elect Kennedy offer to the first of the "Six Wise Men" whose counsel he sought?
(a) Ambassador to Russia.
(b) Chief of Staff.
(c) Secretary of State.
(d) Ambassador to NATO.

2. What does Isaacson claim to have become the consensus of the "Wise Men" concerning Vietnam in their advice to President Johnson?
(a) "There should be no question of making whatever combat force increases were required."
(b) "This has become a quagmire and we need to leave."
(c) "The results in Vietnam will determine the course of the world well into the future."
(d) "Our policy of containment will collapse if we fail in Vietnam."

3. What event at the end of 1967 does Isaacson suggest influenced the Johnson Administration that America had to withdraw from Vietnam?
(a) The Tet Offensive.
(b) Race riots protesting the disproportionate number of Black soldiers stationed in Vietnam compared to their percentage of the population.
(c) Public opinion polls showing Johnson could not be re-elected if Vietnam was not settled.
(d) Antiwar protests threatening college campuses.

4. How did Isaacson claim Acheson described the division of the world between the United States and the Soviet Union during the crisis facing Greece and Turkey?
(a) "...a struggle between totalitarianism and democracy."
(b) "...a contest between freedom and slavery."
(c) "...an unbridgeable ideological chasm."
(d) "...a test of free will against coercion."

5. Who does Issacson report to have written a telegram that claimed fear that war could come, "with dramatic suddenness"?
(a) Former Secretary of War Henry Stimson.
(b) George Kennan.
(c) General Douglas MacArthur.
(d) General Lucius Clay, the Military Governor of Germany.

Short Answer Questions

1. Who does Isaacson report to have committed the U.S. to active ground war in Korea?

2. Who does Isaacson claim blocked MacArthur's plans for slowing the flow of Chinese soldiers into the Korean War?

3. How does Isaacson suggest that President Kennedy hoped to avoid war in Laos?

4. What was the only concession the Japanese requested for its surrender to end WWII, according to Isaacson?

5. Who eventually took the position of Ambassador to Vietnam, according to Isaacson?

Short Essay Questions

1. What affect did the Soviet aggression in Czechoslovakia have on Truman's effort to win Congressional approval of the Marshall Plan, according to Isaacson?

2. Why did the Truman Administration consider making an atomic arms control "covenant" with the Soviet Union, according to Isaacson?

3. To what event did President Truman compare the Soviet clampdown on Czechoslavakia in 1948, according to Isaacson?

4. Why did Truman's most trusted foreign advisers, including Robert Lovett, George Kennan, Chip Bohlen, and Dean Acheson, oppose the formation of a Jewish State in Palestine, according to Isaacson?

5. What does Isaacson claim to be Stalin's reaction to the Marshall Plan?

6. Why does Isaacson suggest that Dean Acheson recommended Dean Rusk to President-Elect Kennedy for Secretary of State?

7. According to Isaacson, what caused President Truman to remove General Douglas MacArthur from his command over the conduct of South Korean forces in the Korean War?

8. What does Isaacson claim Winston Churchill offered as a suggestion for a solution to Soviet expansionism in his "Iron Curtain" speech in Missouri?

9. What does Isaacson claim to be the North Vietnamese offensive that made the Johnson Administration realize America needed to get out of the Vietnam War?

10. What Southeast Asian country did President Eisenhower tell President-Elect Kennedy was the "key" to keeping communism from overtaking all of Southeast Asia according to Isaacson?

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