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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What changed Spencer’s career and aspirations in Chapter 5?

2. When did Spencer write about the dissection of the fawn-child in his journal?

3. Why did Spencer decide that the fawn-child was not a ruminant?

4. Where was Spencer’s caravan parked while he and his son created creatures for his show?

5. How did the Academy receive the paper Spencer submitted on the fawn-child?

Short Essay Questions

1. At a carnival Spencer saw in Chapter 5, what were some of the exhibits?

2. How did Spencer treat Miriam Helmer?

3. What did Spencer decide to do for a living after he could no longer work at the academy?

4. Who was Alexander Goethe?

5. How did Dr. Joab A. Holace describe Spencer in a medical journal in July 1884?

6. What was the legend behind the ganesha?

7. How was the Codex described?

8. How was Spencer’s paper on the fawn-child received?

9. Who were some of the performers in the Human Renaissance show?

10. How was the Minotaur different from the satyr?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Spencer began researching mutations. What was Spencer’s goal for this research at first? How did his motives change? What was the end result of this research?

Essay Topic 2

In Chapter 2, it appeared that Spencer had a bright future. Where was Spencer studying in Chapter 2? How did he get a positive reputation? What changes in medicine were occurring at the time Spencer was in medical school? How did these changes allow him to do well?

Essay Topic 3

In Chapter 1, Spencer discussed his religious beliefs. Where did Spencer get his religious education? How long did his religious training affect his life? How did his lack of belief in God affect his research?

(see the answer keys)

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