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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. How did the Revolution relate to reality?
(a) It subtly altered the past idea of reality.
(b) It brought about a new idea of reality.
(c) It denied reality.
(d) It was a sheer explosion of reality.

2. What did positivism do with the ideals of the Reformation?
(a) Pushed them into the background.
(b) Blurred them into vague, utopian dreams.
(c) Made them irrelevant to Mexican life and culture.
(d) Made them reality.

3. According to Jorge Cuesta, how has Mexico created herself?
(a) With an eye toward preventing civil war.
(b) In opposition to her past.
(c) In agreement with her past.
(d) With no regard for the common people.

4. What was the purpose of the publishing house Fondo de Cultura Economica?
(a) To print texts about economics for South Americans.
(b) To print books as cheaply as possible.
(c) To act as a façade for Revolutionary pamphlets.
(d) To print texts about Mexican life and culture.

5. Which of the following contributed to making colonialism alive and relevant?
(a) Imperial takeover.
(b) Violence.
(c) Native acceptance.
(d) Catholicism.

Short Answer Questions

1. When did the Plan of Ayala go into effect?

2. What was the motto of positivism?

3. According to Paz, what philosophical fact defines much of Mexico's history?

4. How did liberalism and democracy function in South American countries?

5. Mexico lacks basic industries except for one - what is it?

Short Essay Questions

1. What is Paz's definition of "community"? How is that definition knowingly idealistic?

2. Why could Mexico not have progressed as far as she has today if she were working within capitalism?

3. How did Catholicism reduce the Indian converts into passive believers? How was that a significant blow?

4. How does Paz define "Mexicanism"? How does it mesh with the individual whom he had described earlier?

5. What does Paz think of the Soviet Union? How does it compare to Mexico?

6. What did Article 3 of the new Constitution mandate? What troubles did that Article cause?

7. How does unemployment on the farms affect the cities? How does it slow all of Mexico's development?

8. What is the role of the Mexican intelligentsia within society? How does it differ from the function of the intelligentsia within the United States and Europe; and which one is a better role?

9. Why did the new Constitution mandate that education be secular? How might that have made the Mexicans feel?

10. Paz asserts that every revolution attempts to restore the order that an oppressor has twisted or disregarded altogether. How was that true in Mexico?

(see the answer keys)

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