Donald Lazere, The Unique Creation of Albert Camus, Yale University Press, 1973.

Henri Peyre, "Camus the Pagan," in Yale French Studies, Vol. 25, 1960, pp. 65-70.

Richard Plant, "Benign Indifference," in The Saturday Review of Literature, Vol. 29, No. 20, May 18, 1946, p. 10.

Jean-Paul Sartre, "An Explication of The Stranger," in Camus: A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by Germaine Bree, Prentice-Hall, 1962, pp. 108-21.

Philip Thody, "Camus's L'Etranger Revisited," in Critical Quarterly, Vol. 2, Summer, 1979, pp. 61-69.

Colin Wilson, The Outsider, Houghton Mifflin, 1956.