Book I, Chapters 4-9 Summary and Analysis

Chapter 4: Political oratory is concerned with five different subjects. First, it must deal with ways and means, that is, with the resources, financial and otherwise, available to the government. Second, it is concerned with matters of war and peace. Third, it deals with national defense. The distinction between these last two is subtle. War and peace deals with relationships with other countries and the preparedness of one's army. National defense seems to deal with things like fortifications. Fourth, a political orator must be knowledgeable about his country's imports and exports. Finally, and most importantly, the political rhetorician must concern himself with the act of legislation.

Chapter 5: In order to convince his hearers to accept his proposal, the political rhetorician must show that his proposal is in line with their happiness. This happiness, it should be...