Bridgman, Richard. Gertrude Stein in Pieces, London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

DeKoven, Marianne. A Different Language: Gertrude Stein's Experimental Writing, University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

Dubnick, Randa. The Structure of Obscurity: Gertrude Stein, Language, and Cubism, University of Illinois Press, 1983.

Hoffman, Michael J. The Development of Abstractionism in the Writings of Gertrude Stein, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966.

Stein, Gertrude. "Composition as Explanation," in What Are Masterpieces, Conference Press, 1940.

Van Vechten, Carl. Introduction to Three Lives, Modern Library, 1933.

Walker, Jayne L. The Making of a Modernist: Gertrude Stein from Three Lives to "Tender Buttons," University of Massachusetts Press, 1984.