1918-1932 (Augsburg, Munich, Berlin), Section 3 Summary and Analysis

The Literarization of the Theatre - In this essay, Brecht details ways in which the evolving epic theatre is to be structured and presented differently than traditional theatre. He advocates the use of such techniques as titles projected on a screen, summing up and/or offering information about the action. These, he says, will function in the same way as footnotes in a novel. He again refers to the practice of creating theatre that presents events and situations objectively, training the audience to think about what it's watching rather than empathizing with it.

The Film, the Novel and Epic Theatre - This essay begins with commentary that film has become another "apparatus", but goes on to suggest that film can be as much of a vehicle for transformation as other forms of art...