Book 2: Chapter 10, Mohammedan Culture and Philosophy Summary and Analysis

The Eastern Empire experienced different attacks than the Northern Empire and survived until 1453. Mainly Mohammedans attacked the Eastern Empire that didn't become Christians but had their own civilization.

Mohammedan era begins with the Hegira as part of flying from Mecca do Medina in AD 622. After the death of Mahomet in 632, the Arabs began conquests, invading Syria in 634, Persia in 637, India in 664, Constantinopole in 669, Egypt in 642, and Carthage in 697. In 711-12 they acquired Spain. They were stopped from entering Europe in 732 at the battle of Tours. Such conquer was incited by the persecution of Syrians by Catholics although they were welcomed by the Monophysites in Egypt.

Mohammedan religion recognized the rite of Trinity and the Incarnation. The Prophet was human, prohibited graven images, and wine. Conquering was the duty of the faithful...