Because the theme of Bonham's Dogtown novels is that a socially valuable youth lies inside each of his troubled and often violent protagonists, his literary method depends heavily upon internal monologues. These monologues ensure that the reader is constantly aware of the struggle within the protagonist. Bonham's technique is particularly evident in Viva Chicano, where the doubts, fears and emerging values of Keeny Duran shape the narrative. The third-person narrative focuses on Keeny's thoughts and feelings in order to help the reader to withhold snap judgments and to understand the complexity of the protagonist's personality.

Because Keeny's perceptions play such a significant role in the narrative, the cardboard figure of Zapata is more than a fanciful device. Zapata as Keeny's hero is very much a character and perhaps the greatest influence on the protagonist's transformation.

Similarly, Yo-Yo is a true foil in the plot; her initial...