Fundamental to Baldwin's Story of Roland is the chivalric ethic, a code of knightly behavior emphasizing such virtues as courtesy, honesty, generosity, and mercy. The chivalric hero is expected to exhibit great courage, valor, and physical prowess, like his earlier counterparts in heroic literature—such as Beowulf, for example—but he is also expected to exhibit refinement and courtliness. It is not unusual for the chivalric hero to be well-versed in foreign languages or the arts. He is often skilled in music, poetry, and such activities as hunting, falconry, and playing chess.

Unlike earlier heroes, the chivalric hero is always expected to be modest, selfeffacing, and a sincere Christian.

Charlemagne is the character around whom all the other heroes revolve. Charlemagne is a mighty and noble ruler whose concerns are not limited to his own realm. He must also protect all Christendom...