Robert H. Hood

In the following viewpoint, Robert H. Hood contends that the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) was justified in its decision to test pregnant women for cocaine use. Hood, writing on behalf of Charleston, South Carolina, in a Supreme Court case, argues that these tests are valid because of the serious health risks to both mother and developing fetus caused by maternal drug use. In addition, he claims that the drug testing policy helps women overcome substance abuse problems and is not arbitrary or discriminatory. Hood is the founder and senior partner at the Hood Law Firm in South Carolina.

As you read, consider the following questions:

1. As stated by the author, what is the first step in the special needs analysis?
2. What was the goal of the MUSC Medical Center...