1832-1903

German mathematician whose most important work was in the areas of quadratic differential forms and mechanics in physics. His work on Hamilton-Jacobi methods of integrating equations of motion were readily applied to celestial mechanics to great effect. He also described the "Lipschitz condition"—an inequality guaranteeing a unique solution to certain differential equations. Lipschitz was also the first to apply a branch of mathematics called "Clifford algebras" to problems involving rotations of objects in Euclidean spaces.