Identify the reasons why African Americans were still disenfranchised even after the amendment passed.

African Americans continued to be disenfranchised even after the ratification of the 15th Amendment by a number of United States Supreme Court decisions, which were based upon questionable interpretation. Southern states successfully disenfranchised black voters by implementing new state constitutions, which provided obstacle to their rights. These obstacles included poll taxes, and literacy tests. White male voters were unaffected due to grandfather clauses.