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This test consists of 5 multiple choice questions, 5 short answer questions, and 10 short essay questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What time was recorded on the watch found near the bodies?
(a) Twenty minutes to ten.
(b) Nine thirty.
(c) Four minutes to six.
(d) Three forty-five.

2. What did Laird and Maclean realize early in their investigation of the Mann Gulch fire?
(a) They needed the Thol family at the site of the fire.
(b) They needed assistance from the Forest Service at the site of the fire.
(c) They needed to find all of the firefighters who rescued the survivors.
(d) They needed Rumsey and Sallee with them at the site of the fire.

3. What words are in the Common Book of Prayer that beg to not die of sudden death?
(a) "Good Lord, help us."
(b) "Good Lord, watch over us."
(c) "Good Lord, be my shepherd."
(d) "Good Lord, deliver us."

4. Of what material are the Mann Gulch crosses made?
(a) Wood.
(b) Plastic.
(c) Marble.
(d) Concrete.

5. How did Maclean explain the change in the world after compassionately studying the fire at Mann Gulch?
(a) Moving from a "feeling world" to a "comprehending world" for the loss of the Smokejumpers.
(b) Moving from a "hearing world" to a "feeling world" by learning from the past.
(c) Moving from a "seeing world" to a "feeling world" for the pain of others.
(d) Moving from a "seeing world" to a "hearing world" by understanding the terrifying sounds of fire.

Short Answer Questions

1. What did Maclean and the others agree was the second key point on the hillside they needed to locate?

2. What year is generally seen as the beginning of modern scientific study of fire behavior?

3. When did Maclean begin his research on the Mann Gulch fire?

4. Who made the crosses that mark the spots the Smokejumpers fell, defeated by the fire?

5. What does the sculpture at the University of Chicago commemorating the Atomic Age look like?

Short Essay Questions

1. What does Maclean believe has become the symbol of fear in the late twentieth century? What artist does he site as support for this claim?

2. What did Sallee and Rumsey explain to Maclean that answered one of his most important questions? What was the question? What was the answer?

3. What different theories did Henry Thol on one side and Carl Gustafson present as to the escape fire set by Dodge? How did Maclean suggest the Review Board of the Mann Gulch fire might have immediately answered the question of the escape fire set by Dodge?

4. What object do Sallee and Rumsey discover at the site of a fallen comrade? Why was this discovery important?

5. Who was Henry Thol, Sr.? What was his role in the Mann Gulch fire?

6. What two emotions governed the analysis of the tragedy at Mann Gulch? How did Maclean describe the first emotion among the men in Mann Gulch?

7. What did Maclean mean when he said, "viewing total conflagration is literally blinding, as sight becomes sound."

8. Maclean believed that the Smokejumpers did not see their lives in review as they died. What did he believe their final thoughts to be? How was he able to confirm his idea?

9. How did Maclean explain the picture of a big fire? What was it made up of in his opinion?

10. Why did both parents and the Forest Service hope for silence after the court judgments concerning suits filed against the Forest Service?

(see the answer keys)

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