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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What causes the difference between a philosopher and a street porter?

2. How many times more goods on a broad-wheeled wagon can be carried from London to Edinburgh by water-carriage in the same amount of time?

3. What are the three original sources of all revenue?

4. What is the real measure of the exchangeable value of all commodities?

5. What is the common instrument of commerce and exchanges in some parts of the coast of India?

Short Essay Questions

1. What was the purpose of the first public stamps affixed to metals?

2. What are the two ways in which a capital may be employed so as to yield a revenue or profit to its employer.

3. How is the circulating capital of a society different from that of an individual?

4. How are the differences in men of different professions fostered?

5. In all countries, why are precious metals the preferred means of commerce?

6. How do fixed capital and circulating money resemble each other?

7. Why did the first recorded civilizations dwell on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea?

8. In every society or neighborhood, how is the ordinary or average rate both of wages and profit regulated?

9. Using an example from the text, explain how the value of the most precious metal used for coinage regulates the value of coins made with a lesser metal.

10. Give one example of how a tribe of hunters or shepherds would begin the process of division of labor?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Explain with examples, the three reasons why laying extraordinary restraints upon particular countries with which the importation of goods of almost all kinds from balance of trade is not disadvantageous as supposed, but rather the results of national prejudice and animosity.

Essay Topic 2

"The increase and riches of commercial and manufacturing towns contributed to the improvement and cultivation of the countries to which they belonged in three different ways." Explain with examples the three ways mentioned in the quote above.

Essay Topic 3

With specific examples, compare and contrast the forms of defense among these different societies - 1. a nation of hunters; 2. a nation of shepherds; 3. a nation of husbandmen with no foreign commerce or manufacture.

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