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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. In what month of 1776 do the Americans lose the Battle of Long Island?

2. What other group of individuals plays both sides well during the American Revolutionary War?

3. In what battle do the Americans lose New York to their enemy?

4. The Hessian system of discipline differs from that of the British in that the Hessians make greater use of what?

5. "Washington's Crossing" concerns what river?

Short Essay Questions

1. When they arrive in America, the British army consists of what elements?

2. How does the Hessian army become involved in the American Revolution?

3. What causes the British to feel slightly vulnerable to attack?

4. What are the foundational elements behind the British military?

5. From what source do the Hessians draw their troops?

6. Why is it in this chapter, "The Crisis," that the author mentions that some people refer to George Washington as a dictator?

7. Although the British eventually gain the upper hand at the Battle of Bunker Hill, what is it that so affects General William Howe?

8. How does the British military approach training?

9. What does General Cornwallis instruct his troops to do in New Jersey?

10. What are two of the many ways in which the Americans display their lack of discipline and training?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

The Hessians are legendary for their discipline as well as courage and obedience. How does discipline in the Hessian army differ from that in the British military? How much more or less strict is Hessian discipline? What use do they make of corporal punishment? How far does punishment for a soldier that misbehaves extend?

Essay Topic 2

How does New York come to fall to the British? What impact does poor military intelligence play in the Americans' loss of Long Island? What effect does weather play on the Americans' retreat to Manhattan? Where is the final battle that seals the fall of New York? What contributes to the Americans' loss of New York?

Essay Topic 3

In what ways do the American troops display their lack of discipline and training? How do they maintain their quarters? How organized are they? What is the initial level of American military intelligence? How do they demonstrate a lack of it? What costly mistakes do George Washington and his officers make?

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