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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. When the Americans initially flee Long Island, what initially prevents their enemy from catching up?

2. What is Thomas Paine's intention in publishing his second pamphlet?

3. "Washington's Crossing" details each battle fought from Brooklyn, Long Island, Manhattan, Fort Lee, Trenton, and ultimately where?

4. When does the American Revolutionary War take place?

5. In what month of 1776 do the Americans lose the Battle of Long Island?

Short Essay Questions

1. What are two of the many ways in which the Americans display their lack of discipline and training?

2. How might the officers of the Hessian army be described?

3. How does the British pacification policy run into problems arising from problems of supply?

4. What does General Cornwallis instruct his troops to do in New Jersey?

5. Why was George Washington selected as commander-in-chief of the American army?

6. Why is the war victory celebrated by Bostonians premature when the British leave town and George Washington and his men march through as heroes?

7. What does the author note regarding the roles order and discipline have in the victories and the defeats?

8. What is an interesting fact the author notes regarding the American attitude during their retreat through New Jersey?

9. How does George Washington fare in Manhattan in 1776?

10. As their enemy comes to suffer heavy losses as the war progresses, why is it the American system proves superior?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

How crucial are discipline and order to the defeats and victories of each army? How do these issues come up throughout the duration of the conflict? How difficult are these lessons for the Americans to learn as they progress? How do the Americans eventually come to see the benefits?

Essay Topic 2

What approach does the British military take in pursuing the American rebels across New Jersey? What effort do they make to engage the Americans?How long do the British Howe brothers believe the rebellion will last? As the winter of 1776 approaches, rather than engage in conflict, what do the British forces do?

Essay Topic 3

How does New York come to fall to the British? What impact does poor military intelligence play in the Americans' loss of Long Island? What effect does weather play on the Americans' retreat to Manhattan? Where is the final battle that seals the fall of New York? What contributes to the Americans' loss of New York?

(see the answer keys)

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