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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What do the people view Washington as being?

2. Who is the best choice for Commander-in-Chief given his experience of command yet is young enough to take the field?

3. Who does not allow the Hessians the rest they request?

4. General William Howe feels he knows something else. What is it?

5. How many Hessian soldiers do the British hire?

Short Essay Questions

1. How might the officers of the Hessian army be described?

2. Who are the British military's Howe brothers?

3. When they arrive in America, the British army consists of what elements?

4. What do the Van Horne, Stockton, and other prominent New Jersey families, have in common during the Revolution?

5. What events at the end of 1776 are foreshadowed early within the chapter entitled "The Retreat?"

6. What are the foundational elements behind the British military?

7. Why is it in this chapter, "The Crisis," that the author mentions that some people refer to George Washington as a dictator?

8. What does General Cornwallis instruct his troops to do in New Jersey?

9. What is an interesting fact the author notes regarding the American attitude during their retreat through New Jersey?

10. Why is the war victory celebrated by Bostonians premature when the British leave town and George Washington and his men march through as heroes?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

In what ways do the American troops display their lack of discipline and training? How do they maintain their quarters? How organized are they? What is the initial level of American military intelligence? How do they demonstrate a lack of it? What costly mistakes do George Washington and his officers make?

Essay Topic 2

How does the British pacification policy fare in the Colonies? What types of problems are encountered? From where do these problems originate? How do the British troops remedy these problems? How common is it for the British troops to forage for supplies? How big does the problem become? How successful are the Howe brothers in deterring their troops and gaining compliance with the rules?

Essay Topic 3

The Hessians are legendary for their discipline as well as courage and obedience. How does discipline in the Hessian army differ from that in the British military? How much more or less strict is Hessian discipline? What use do they make of corporal punishment? How far does punishment for a soldier that misbehaves extend?

(see the answer keys)

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