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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Why does Reta write a check to the hostel each month?

2. Who is playing the piano when Reta and Tom have finished their work after their package is delivered?

3. What does Reta immerse herself in despite her continuing grief?

4. What is the name of the book Reta picks up at Orangetown Library?

5. What draft does Arthur ask Reta to send him?

Short Essay Questions

1. What attempt does Reta make to bribe her daughter Norah to come home when she visits her on her street corner and how successful is she?

2. Why does the memory of shopping for the perfect scarf for Norah haunt Reta as a "big female secret" and what does the scarf represent?

3. Why is Reta reluctant to give Arthur Springer a first draft of her novel, and what does it reveal about her writing?

4. Describe Norah's thoughts about the two main characters in her novel, and why they are significant.

5. When does Reta's mind begin to wander and what does she think of during dinner with Tom's physicist friend, Colin Glass?

6. What does Reta do each month that indicates her attempt to live up to an idea of "goodness?"

7. Describe life in the Winters' household.

8. Why does Reta initially think Norah's problems may have stemmed from her relationship with Ben Abbot?

9. Describe Reta Winter's thoughts and feelings as the novel opens.

10. Why does Reta view her trip to the library as a way of reconnecting with Norah?

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

As a novel, "Unless" functions as a mystery. As such, there are clues provided to lead the reader in many directions. What are some true and false leads surrounding Norah's disappearance? How does Shields utilize flashbacks and dialogue to create suspension in the novel?

Essay Topic 2

What is the role of language in "Unless"? Identify and discuss the following relationships and its significance for the characters:

1. Language and identity.

2. Language and truth.

3. Language and power.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss Shields' portrayal of the media in the novel, responding to the following questions:

1. What role does the media have in advancing the plot?

2. What is Reta's relationship to the media?

3. Is it an amicable or hostile relationship and why?

(see the answer keys)

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