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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. Alcibiades writes: "Man's predicament is that he dwells at the intersection of necessity and ____."

2. What is/are meliades?

3. There were ____ Odrysian brothers?

4. Polemides could not return home lest he face a charge of _____.

5. What is a "hetairai"?

Short Essay Questions

1. Discuss Alcibiades' return to power in Athens.

2. Examine the circumstances under which Alcibiades is named as Athens' dictator. What is Alcibiades' reaction?

3. Discuss the scene in which Polemides attends the speech made by Alcibiades. What is the content of the speech?

4. What happens when Polemides is left behind? What dangerous step does Polemides take?

5. What causes Alcibiades to become injured? How does the injury damage his reputation as a leader?

6. How does Persia's support of Sparta cause problems with Athens?

7. What happens after the Athenians execute their generals? What is the reaction of Sparta?

8. How does Alcibiades react to Lysander's answer? What happens during the next battle?

9. Polemides shows a completely different side when it comes to his family. Examine Polemides' familial ties.

10. Discuss the conversation between Jason and Eunice.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Polemides shows two different sides of himself when it comes to working as a mercenary. Discuss how Polemides got into this line of work. How was Polemides recruited? By whom? How does Polemides' professional standing as a mercenary differ from his earlier work as a soldier? How was it different when Polemides was killing people - including Meri - who were suffering from the Plague? How could Polemides be so offended by the lists of people to be executed while viewing his mercenary work as a noble profession? How does Polemides rationalize the situation? Explain.

Essay Topic 2

Discuss Polemides' family connections and how they affected his personal and professional lives. At what point(s) did Polemides risk his life for his family? What became of the following people: Phoebe, Nicolaus, Eunice, Daphne, Polemides' father, Meri, and Lion? How did the changes in these relationships affect Polemides? Explain.

Essay Topic 3

Endius stated that Lysander would win the war against Alcibiades. Although both men were highly skilled, Endius believed that Lysander would prevail due to his cruelty and single minded focus. Explain what Endius meant by this statement. Why was Lysander considered to be cruel? Was Alcibiades cruel? Give at least three examples in which Lysander exhibited extreme cruelty during his tenure as a Spartan general.

(see the answer keys)

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