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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What do the females of this same group prefer?
(a) Males that will take care of them.
(b) Intelligent males.
(c) Males who are attractive.
(d) Well-built mounds, instead of poorly constructed mounds.

2. When is maleness a reproductive advantage?
(a) All the time, no matter what the relationship.
(b) In homosexual relationships.
(c) In monogamous relationships.
(d) In polygamous groups, such as monkeys.

3. What does the story in Chapter 5 prove for the author?
(a) Producing offspring is the goal of all mammals.
(b) How male support continues the species.
(c) An example of sexual, rather than natural selection.
(d) Ideal mating conditions are rare.

4. What type of civilization do the New Guinea tribes have?
(a) Democratic governments.
(b) Hunter gatherers.
(c) Hunters.
(d) Scavengers.

5. Of course, both males and females have a (an) ________ to deceive the other sex to promote their own attractiveness.
(a) Reason.
(b) Purpose.
(c) Incentive.
(d) Right.

6. In most species, what do many females mostly prefer in males?
(a) Money.
(b) The ability to keep her safe.
(c) A male that promises to stay around.
(d) External factors, like male attractiveness.

7. How does evolution work?
(a) Without competition between organisms.
(b) Change is continuous.
(c) Different adaptations of an individual which give a reproductive edge.
(d) Very slowly, over thousands of years.

8. To explain sex, scientists need to find ________________.
(a) A reason for an individual organism to prefer sexual over asexual reproduction.
(b) The reason for asexual reproduction.
(c) A new way for humans to mate.
(d) Why people are attracted to one another.

9. Due to the ________________, traits that increase reproductive successes will spread and those that do not will expire.
(a) High pregnancy rate.
(b) Slow genetics of men.
(c) Evolutionary arms race.
(d) Low pregnancy rate.

10. The gender ratio is ___________ as an evolutionary pressure in humans.
(a) Strong.
(b) Harmful.
(c) Undeniable.
(d) Weak.

11. In which cultures are male babies especially prized?
(a) Chinese and Indian.
(b) American.
(c) Indian.
(d) Chinese.

12. What is the Vicar of Bray hypothesis?
(a) Sexual reproduction provides rapid speed of evolution.
(b) Sexual reproduction should not exist.
(c) Same-sex reproduction must be understood to understand sexual reproduction.
(d) Asexual reproduction provides rapid speed of evolution.

13. How do organisms compete during evolution?
(a) They kill their prey to ensure their survivors.
(b) They kill their prey and one another to be the last person standing.
(c) They try to kill one another so that they might live.
(d) They compete with each other to pass down more genes to the next generation.

14. What will happen to create more female babies in Chinese and Indian societies?
(a) There will be more births overall.
(b) Virgin births will happen to adjust and make more female babies.
(c) More boys will be born, because it is what people want.
(d) There will be less births overall.

15. What is the tangled bank theory?
(a) It is more advantageous for humans to asexually produce.
(b) Different organisms in an environment saturated with similar organisms have a greater likelihood of survival.
(c) Sexual reproduction is the riskiest way for humans to reproduce.
(d) Sexual reproduction allows for a smaller number of very exceptional offspring.

Short Answer Questions

1. What genders are not always needed?

2. What is lekking?

3. What have scientists discovered about sexual reproduction versus asexual reproduction?

4. What is the continuous arms race that occurs between organisms?

5. Are sexually reproducing organisms able to compete with asexually reproducing organisms?

(see the answer keys)

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