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This test consists of 15 multiple choice questions and 5 short answer questions.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What was the major issue that raised tensions in advance of the 1828 election?
(a) The deficit.
(b) Tariffs.
(c) Isolationism.
(d) Slavery.

2. What did South Carolina argue it could do?
(a) Nullify federal laws.
(b) Negotiate treaties.
(c) Keep its own army.
(d) Determine its own tariffs.

3. Who was Biddle?
(a) Chairman of the Federal Bank.
(b) Secretary of Defense.
(c) Republican Whip.
(d) Speaker of the House.

4. How did Southerners see labor, according to Sellers?
(a) As the engine of regional strength.
(b) As beneath them.
(c) As the foundation for nationalism.
(d) As God's work.

5. What did the Moderate Light churches begin to focus on, according to Sellers?
(a) Race issues.
(b) Political issues.
(c) Social issues.
(d) Economic issues.

6. What happened that workers began to unionize in the north?
(a) Working conditions declined.
(b) Tariffs lowered the costs of production, driving wages down.
(c) Wages did not rise as fast as capitalists' fortunes.
(d) Immigrants threatened to provide cheaper labor.

7. What did the antinomians believe in?
(a) Radical conversion experiences.
(b) Received Christianity.
(c) Strict religious practice.
(d) Suppressing enthusiastic displays.

8. How did internal trade change between 1820 and 1850?
(a) Tripled.
(b) Doubled.
(c) Declined by half.
(d) Remained the same.

9. What did Biddle do in response to democratic pressure?
(a) Ease money supply.
(b) Lower tariffs.
(c) Raise interest rates.
(d) Tighten money supply.

10. Who does Sellers say found New Light theology too radical?
(a) Southern Baptists.
(b) Unitarians.
(c) Southern New England Congregationalists.
(d) Antinomians.

11. When did zeal for reform reach the lower classes, in Sellers's account?
(a) Mid 1820s.
(b) Late 1820s.
(c) Early 1820s.
(d) 1830s.

12. What did Charles Finney try to do?
(a) Turn capitalists into philanthropists.
(b) Turn sinners into businessmen.
(c) Turn slaveholders into preachers.
(d) Turn women into preachers.

13. What did the Moderate Light forces urge in the 1830s?
(a) Cultural imperialism.
(b) Resolution of labor conflicts.
(c) Abolition.
(d) Isolationism.

14. What happened to John Calhoun when Andrew Jackson formed his cabinet?
(a) He was entrenched.
(b) He was celebrated.
(c) He was ruined.
(d) He was isolated.

15. Who led South Carolina in opposition to Jackson and Martin Van Buren?
(a) James Monroe.
(b) Henry Clay.
(c) John Calhoun.
(d) Sam Houston.

Short Answer Questions

1. What happened to John Calhoun's political power when Andrew Jackson was elected?

2. What did the Supreme Court say with regard to Jackson's policy about the Indians in Georgia?

3. What does Sellers say the Great Awakening made possible?

4. What does Sellers contrast with the Unitarian movement?

5. Where does Sellers say the religious movement in the 19th century originated?

(see the answer keys)

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