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This test consists of 5 short answer questions, 10 short essay questions, and 1 (of 3) essay topics.

Short Answer Questions

1. What is barbed wire discussed in terms of within English pastoral literature?

2. What type of bird is associated with dawn?

3. What do some writers like George Adam's associate the military with?

4. What type of world is a soldier's world in the battlefield?

5. Which cemeteries did the traditional social distinctions not apply?

Short Essay Questions

1. How are sheep and shepherds a part of things pastoral and used in literature?

2. What types of Anglicized and pet names did the troops make for cities and places?

3. How are elegies based on the pastoral?

4. What was "Over There" and why are the sites of World War I and II distant to most Americans?

5. Explain how the British pre-war class system was the most pronounced in Europe.

6. What is Edmund Blunden's "Undertones of War" about?

7. What sorts of things are considered pastoral in the literature about the war?

8. How can homosexuality be seen as a problem as a soldier?

9. How have gardens always been an important factor in English literature and the word pastoral applies to war literature?

10. Describe Robert Graves military life in his book, Goodbye to All That.

Essay Topics

Write an essay for ONE of the following topics:

Essay Topic 1

Fussell chooses many writers to help give examples. Pick one poet and one other writer Fussell mentions in wartime literature. Once the poet and writer have been chosen, write a biography on each of these writers, focusing on why they chose to write in the manner they did and why they chose their subject(s).

Essay Topic 2

Fussell states that troops also had some other uses of the vernacular. What is vernacular and how does it apply to everyday language? Are there many different vernaculars or is there only one vernacular? Explain. Why was a vernacular used? Give five examples of the uses of vernacular.

Essay Topic 3

Discuss Frye's Theory of Modes. How many modes are there and what are they? Who are the characters and what are they doing? Why are the characters acting in the manner they are? What country does this work speak of and what foods are mentioned?

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